The Use of Stem Cells in the Treatment of Parkinsons Disease

Su, Paul; Loane, Clare; Politis, Marios

doi:10.5640/insc.0103136

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…But these compounds varied with success [128]. In addition to these strategies, stem cell therapies may serve as potential treatments for neurodegenerative disease [129,130]. In light of the review, it discussed the possibility that stem cells may be used in the treatment of MS [131].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Hormone Potentially Benefits Multiple Sclerosis via Facilitating Remyelination

Zhang

Qin

et al. 2015

Mol Neurobiol

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Myelin destruction due to inflammatory damage of oligodendrocytes (OLs) in conjunction with axonal degeneration is one of the major histopathological hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS), a common autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Therapies over the last 20 years mainly focus on the immune system and, more specifically, on the modulation of immune cell behavior. It seems to be effective in MS with relapse, while it is of little benefit to progressive MS in which neurodegeneration following demyelination outweighs inflammation. Otherwise, remyelination, as a result of oligodendrocyte production from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), is considered to be a potential target for the treatment of progressive MS. In this review, positive effects of remyelination on MS will be discussed in view of the critical role played by thyroid hormone (TH), focusing on the following points: (1) promising treatment of TH on MS that potentially targets to remyelination; (2) the active role of TH that is able to promote remyelination; (3) the regulative role of TH that works on endogenous stem and precursor cells; (4) the effect of TH on gene transcription; and (5) a working hypothesis which is developed that TH can alleviate MS by promoting remyelination, and the mechanism of which is its regulative role in gene transcription of OPCs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Hormone Potentially Benefits Multiple Sclerosis via Facilitating Remyelination

Zhang

Qin

et al. 2015

Mol Neurobiol

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“…PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disease of the aging central nervous system after Alzheimer dementia [ 16 ]. Stem cell-based therapies aim to provide a long-lasting symptomatic relief for PD patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Recombinant Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression on the Neurogenic Differentiation Potency of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2018

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ObjectiveTyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is a rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis, making the enhancement of its activity a target for ensuring sufficient dopamine levels. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBM-MSCs) are known to synthesize TH after differentiating into neuronal cells through chemical induction, but the effect of its ectopic expression on these cells has not yet been determined. This study investigated the effects of ectopic recombinant TH expression on the stemness characteristics of rBM-MSCs. MethodsAfter cloning, a cell line with stable TH expression was maintained, and the proliferation, the gene expression profile, and differentiation potential of rBM-MSCs were analyzed. Analysis of the cells showed an increment in the proliferation rate that could be reversed by the neutralization of TH. ResultsThe constitutive expression of TH in rBM-MSCs was successfully implemented, without significantly affecting their osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential. TH expression improved the expression of other neuronal markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein, β-tubulin, nestin, and c-Fos, confirming the neurogenic differentiation capacity of the stem cells. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) significantly increased after the chemical induction of neurogenic differentiation. ConclusionIn this study, the expression of recombinant TH improved the neuroprotective effect of MSCs by upregulating the expression of BDNF and CNTF. Although the neuronal markers were upregulated, the expression of recombinant TH alone in rBM-MSCs was not sufficient for MSCs to differentiate into neurogenic cell lines.

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“…They provide multiple support mechanisms such as anti-in fl ammatory, angiogenic and neurogenic capacity, and suf fi cient neuroprotective in fl uence that enhance the survival of the endogenous neurons as well as the exogenous transplanted cells [ 52,53 ] . NSCs could be obtained from the mouse embryo around the embryonic day (E)14-E15 and from human embryo at the 13th week [ 54 ] . These neural stem cells are so bene fi cial as they retain the multipotency pattern that gives them the ability to produce the three major cell lineages of the central nervous system: the neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes.…”

Section: Adult Nscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Strategies Applied to Provide Multiple Sources of Stem Cells as a Regenerative Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease

Sadik

2013

Emerging Trends in Cell and Gene Therapy

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Advanced innovative approaches were implemented in the fi eld of stem cell researches providing great hope for Parkinson's disease patients. Recent methods were used in the production and application of tissue regeneration and cellular therapy using the integration of nanotechnology and tissue engineering to improve the therapeutic bene fi ts of cell replacement. Several studies were done to determine the optimal stem cell type that can offer an ef fi cient future treatment for Parkinson's disease. Multiple signaling factors were investigated for the induction of dopamine neurons from several sources of stem cells, such as the early developing mouse embryo that provides mouse embryonic stem cells, the early developing human embryo that provides the human embryonic stem cells, and adult brain that provides adult neural stem cells. Reprogrammed somatic cells were also used to provide induced pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells that differentiate into neural cells. Nevertheless, further studies are recommended to identify the ideal conditions and speci fi c factors that allow stem cells to be applied ef fi ciently for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

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The Use of Stem Cells in the Treatment of Parkinsons Disease

Cited by 5 publications

References 116 publications

Thyroid Hormone Potentially Benefits Multiple Sclerosis via Facilitating Remyelination

Thyroid Hormone Potentially Benefits Multiple Sclerosis via Facilitating Remyelination

The Effect of Recombinant Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression on the Neurogenic Differentiation Potency of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Novel Strategies Applied to Provide Multiple Sources of Stem Cells as a Regenerative Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease

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