The use of statistical methods for censored data to evaluate the activity concentration of Pb-210 in beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Recent progresses in analytical method development for 210Pb in environmental and biological samples

“…Muikku et al ( 2011 ) determined 210 Pb activity concentrations in urine by microwave-assisted acid digestion after adding concentrated HNO 3 and 209 Po to 90 mL of sample. The use of microwave digestion minimizes the operational time and consumption of reagents and energy (Mingote and Nogueira 2016 ). However, it cannot completely eliminate the influence of urine matrix; therefore, further separation and purification were followed.…”

“…However, these separation methods require long time processing (Grate et al 2020 ). Over the past decades, highly selective extraction chromatographic materials, such as Sr resin and PS rein (Gimenez et al 2023 ; Mingote and Nogueira 2016 ), have been developed to simplify 210 Pb separation, and new methods involving a degree of automated separation have also been explored. For example, 210 Pb was separated from phosphogypsum using an on-line sequential injection (SI) system combined with an ion exchange column (Kim et al 2008 ).…”

“…HCl + conc. HNO 3 + H 2 O 2 Sr resin column LSC (via 210 Pb) 92 ± 8 1 Bq m −3 (Strok et al 2016 ) Soil, medicinal plant Soil: sieve Medicinal plant: wet ashing - HPGe gamma spectrometer (via 210 Pb) - 0.77 Bq kg −1 (Chandrashekara and Somashekarappa 2016 ) Beans Ashing at 450 °C for 48 h Microwave-assisted acid digestion Sr resin LSC (via 210 Pb) 84–84 0.13 Bq kg −1 f. w (Mingote and Nogueira 2016 ) Water Filter PS resin 1220 Quantulus LSC 91 - (Lluch et al 2016 ) Water Acid digestion with HNO 3 , co-precipitation with iron hydroxides Prepackaged Sr resin LSC (via 210 Pb) - 1 Bq m −3 (Villa-Alfageme et al 2016 ) Water Acid digestion with conc. HNO 3 Extraction with diammonium hydroxide citrate 3 M Empore™ RAD disk by LSC-PLS (via 210 Pb) - 0.02 Bq kg −1 (Fons-Castells et al 2017 ) Bivalve mollusk - - Low-level gamma-ray spectrometry 100 - (Hur...…”