The use of spectrophotometry to estimate melanin density in Caucasians

Dwyer, Terence; Müller, Karl-Dieter; Blizzard, L; Ashbolt, R; Phillips, G. W. Macpherson

doi:10.1097/00008390-199706001-00245

Cited by 39 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…We found no association between meat consumption and prostate cancer mortality and results from other epidemiologic studies have been mixed (29)(30)(31)(32)(33). Dairy intake was also not associated with prostate cancer mortality and although this is similar to results from some epidemiological studies, many other studies have found a positive association (34).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Therefore, it is very unlikely that their exclusion could have affected the results. Although the measurements of skin color were taken 6 years before the mortality assessments, skin color is likely to remain relatively stable over time (30)(31)(32)(33)(34). However, if skin color changed substantially during this time, and thus, led to more or less discrimination, our results regarding associations of skin color with mortality could have been either underestimated or overestimated.…”

Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…showing no relationship or an increased risk with physical activity. Moreover, the relationship between physical activity and prostate cancer among US Hispanic men has not been well characterized (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between physical activity and prostate cancer mortality in a cohort of Puerto…”

Section: So What Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prostate Can Men: The Effect of Body Habitus and Physical Activity

Crespo¹

2006

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Subject: Prostate cancer kills more Puerto Rican men than the combined cancer mortality rates of the lung, trachea and bronchus. The most extensively studied risk factors for prostate cancer include age, race/ethnicity, family history, diet, androgen metabolism, alcohol consumption, obesity, physical activity and smoking. Of these, age, race and family history are well documented but poorly understood risk factors. The fact that prostate cancer rates change in migrant populations and vary dramatically in ethnically similar populations residing in different geographic locations strongly suggest that environmental factors can greatly influence the risk of this cancer. Purpose: The purpose of this investigation is therefore, to study the relationship of physical activity and body habitus with prostate cancer mortality among Puerto Rican men. This study uses an observational longitudinal design with a random sample of 9,824 Puerto Rican men aged 35-79 years at baseline (1964) who were part of the Puerto Rico Heart Health Program (PRHHP). The Puerto Rico Heart Health Program provides a unique epidemiological cohort of men who took part in multiple examinations including extensive information on lifestyle, diet, body composition, exercise, and smoking habits. Survival analyses will be used to study the relationship between prostate cancer mortality and physical inactivity and obesity with approximately 35 years of follow up data. Scope of the research: This research is to generate new knowledge of how sedentary lifestyles or excess body weight are related to prostate cancer mortality, and to increase our knowledge of prostate cancer in a population where prostate cancer is the number one killer. Additionally, once prostate cancer mortality is identified, other exposures such as diet, smoking and alcohol intake can also be studied. BODY:Below is an itemized list of activities that have been conducted during the past year of the research and our progress in completing these tasks. Primarily we have published several manuscripts addressing the relationship of inactivity, obesity, and prostate cancer risk. We have also presented multiple abstracts with our preliminary results on these associations and providing the background for further publications. We identified other dietary components that may be related to prostate cancer to further understand this part of the energy balance component. The manuscript examining diet and prostate cancer was accepted in Nutrition and Cancer. The manuscript Physical activity and prostate cancer mortality: results from the Puerto Rico Heart Health Program has been submitted to the International Journal of Cancer. The manuscripts on "Body mass index and its relationship to prostate cancer mortality in US Whites and Blacks: the feasibility J-shaped curve" was submitted to the American Journal of Epidemiology, but was not accepted for publication. We have incorporated suggestions from the reviewers and will be submitting to a second journal. 1Crespo CJ While we are presenting some tables an...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: So What Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prostate Can Men: The Effect of Body Habitus and Physical Activity

Crespo¹

2006

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“…In Switzerland only, MD was measured at six anatomical sites (forehead, cheek, inner upper arm, medial forearm, abdomen, buttock) and the mean of these measurements was calculated. 26 The difference between the mean before the first dose (baseline) and subsequent measurements was calculated.…”

Section: Patient Groups and Methods Of Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term observational study of afamelanotide in 115 patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria

Biolcati

Marchesini²,

Sorge

et al. 2015

Br J Dermatol

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SummaryBackground In erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), an inherited disease of porphyrin-biosynthesis, the accumulation of protoporphyrin in the skin causes severely painful phototoxic reactions. Symptom prevention was impossible until recently when afamelanotide became available. Afamelanotide-induced skin pigmentation has statistically significantly improved light-tolerance, although the clinical significance of the statistical effect was unknown. Objectives To assess clinical effectiveness by recording compliance and safety during prolonged use. Methods We report longitudinal observations of 115 ambulatory patients with EPP, who were treated with a total of 1023 afamelanotide implants over a period of up to 8 years at two porphyria centres; one in Rome, Italy, and the other in Zurich, Switzerland. Results Since the treatment first became available in 2006, the number of patients treated with 16 mg afamelanotide implants rose continuously until June 2014, when 66% of all patients with EPP known to the porphyria centres were treated. Only three patients considered afamelanotide did not meet their expectations for symptom improvement; 23% discontinued the treatment for other, mostly compelling, reasons such as pregnancy or financial restrictions. The quality of life (QoL) scores, measured by an EPP-specific questionnaire, were 31 AE 24% of maximum prior to afamelanotide treatment, rose to 74% after starting afamelanotide and remained at this level during the entire observation period. Only minor adverse events attributable to afamelanotide, predominantly nausea, were recorded. Conclusion Based on the improved QoL scores, high compliance and low discontinuation rates, we conclude that afamelanotide exhibits good clinical effectiveness and good safety in EPP under long-term routine conditions.

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“…After rinsing with distilled water quickly, the sections were dehydrated and mounted in medium (Permount). The image acquisition and analyses were performed as previously described for quantitative studies on the skin samples to estimate melanin density, 32 with some modifications using an instrument (Win Roof; Mitani Corp, Tokyo). The thresholding function of this instrument was used to select the stained melanin pigment.…”

Section: Fontana-massson Silver Stainmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV-B Radiation Induces Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor–Mediated Melanogenesis through Activation of Protease-Activated Receptor-2 and Stem Cell Factor in Keratinocytes

Enomoto

Yoshihisa

Yamakoshi

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Pathology

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UV radiation indirectly regulates melanogenesis in melanocytes through a paracrine regulatory mechanism involving keratinocytes. Protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 activation induces melanosome transfer by increasing phagocytosis of melanosomes by keratinocytes. This study demonstrated that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) stimulated PAR-2 expression in human keratinocytes. In addition, we showed that MIF stimulated stem cell factor (SCF) release in keratinocytes; however, MIF had no effect on the release of endothelin-1 or prostaglandin E2 in keratinocytes. In addition, MIF had no direct effect on melanin and tyrosinase synthesis in cultured human melanocytes. The effect of MIF on melanogenesis was also examined using a three-dimensional reconstituted human epidermal culture model, which is a novel, commercially available, cultured human epidermis containing functional melanocytes. Migration inhibitory factor induced an increase in melanin content in the epidermis after a 9-day culture period. Moreover, melanin synthesis induced by UV-B stimulation was significantly down-regulated by anti-MIF antibody treatment. An in vivo study showed that the back skin of MIF transgenic mice had a higher melanin content than that of wild-type mice after 12 weeks of UV-B exposure. Therefore, MIFmediated melanogenesis occurs mainly through the activation of PAR-2 and SCF expression in keratino- Exposure to UV radiation leads to various short-term deleterious cutaneous effects, including sunburn and immunosuppression, and long-term consequences that lead to premature aging, including hyperpigmentation.1 UV radiation indirectly regulates melanogenesis in melanocytes through a paracrine regulatory mechanism involving keratinocytes. UV-B-induced pigmentation occurs when human keratinocytes exposed to UV-B are stimulated to produce and secrete several mediators that trigger the activation of melanocytes and act as potent mitogens and melanogens for human melanocytes.2-4 The two main paracrine melanogenic cytokines, stem cell factor (SCF) and endothelin (ET)-1, have been demonstrated to play pivotal roles in skin pigmentation, including UV-Binduced pigmentation. 5 In addition, prostaglandins (PGs) are key mediators of diverse functions in the skin; and several reports 6,7 have suggested that PGs mediate postinflammatory pigmentary changes by modulating melanin synthesis and melanocyte dendricity.Protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 is a member of a novel G-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane receptor family.8 These receptors are irreversibly activated through proteolytic cleavage of their amino termini. Subsequent to proteolytic cleavage, the newly exposed NH2 terminus acts as a tethered peptide ligand, which binds and activates the receptor. Protease-activated receptor-2 is involved in skin pigmentation because it increases the phagocytosis of melanosomes by keratinocytes.9 UV ir-

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The use of spectrophotometry to estimate melanin density in Caucasians

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Prostate Can Men: The Effect of Body Habitus and Physical Activity

Prostate Can Men: The Effect of Body Habitus and Physical Activity

Long-term observational study of afamelanotide in 115 patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria

UV-B Radiation Induces Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor–Mediated Melanogenesis through Activation of Protease-Activated Receptor-2 and Stem Cell Factor in Keratinocytes

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