The use of solar energy for powering a portable autoclave

Dravid, Mrudula N; Chandak, Ajay; Phute, Suwarna U; Khadse, Ravindra; Adchitre, Hitesh Ramesh; Kulkarni, Sujata

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2012.01.006

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Typhi appears to be relatively tolerant of growth in tropical climates outside an incubator (Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit [LOMWRU], unpublished data). The disposal of contaminated consumables, especially the blood culture bottles, could be performed in the field with innovative solar-powered autoclaves (31). SD recommends that the SD S. Typhi antigen RDTs be stored at Ͻ30°C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Simple Blood Culture Amplification and Antigen Detection Method for Diagnosis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Bacteremia

et al. 2013

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In most areas where typhoid is endemic, laboratory diagnosis is not possible due to the lack of appropriate facilities. We investigated whether the combination of blood culture amplification of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi with an S. Typhi antigen rapid diagnostic test (RDT) could be an accurate and inexpensive tool for the accelerated diagnosis of patients with acute typhoid in Laos. For a panel of 23 Gram-negative reference pathogens, the Standard Diagnostics (catalog no. 15FK20; Kyonggi-do, South Korea) RDT gave positive results for S. Typhi NCTC 8385, S. Typhi NCTC 786 (Vi negative), Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (ATCC 13076), and Salmonella enterica serovar Ndolo NCTC 8700 (all group D). In a prospective study of 6,456 blood culture bottles from 3,028 patients over 15 months, 392 blood culture bottles (6.1%) from 221 (7.3%) patients had Gramnegative rods (GNRs) seen in the blood culture fluid. The sensitivity, negative predictive value, specificity, and positive predictive value were 96.7%, 99.5%, 97.9%, and 87.9%, respectively, for patients with proven S. Typhi bacteremia and 91.2%, 98.4%, 98.9%, and 93.9% for patients with group D Salmonella. The median (range) number of days between diagnosis by RDT and reference assays was 1 (؊1 to ؉2) day for those with confirmed S. Typhi. The use of antigen-based pathogen detection in blood culture fluid may be a useful, relatively rapid, inexpensive, and accurate technique for the identification of important causes of bacteremia in the tropics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Simple Blood Culture Amplification and Antigen Detection Method for Diagnosis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Bacteremia

et al. 2013

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“…During the winter season, the solar concentrator was observed to have reached a maximum temperature of 134 °C in a time period of approximately 45 min. 8 The goal of this study is to design a high-power solar heat source that has the capability of performing high-temperature chemical reactions. Once developed, the power of the solar heat source will be examined through boiling point analysis of several common organic solvents.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The autoclave was attached to a metal ring of the solar concentrator, which focused sunlight onto the autoclave, allowing it to gain heat. During the winter season, the solar concentrator was observed to have reached a maximum temperature of 134 °C in a time period of approximately 45 min …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friedel–Crafts Acylation Using Solar Irradiation

Agee

Mullins

Swartling

2013

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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In recent decades, scientists have attempted to make more environmentally friendly chemical synthesis procedures. One area of environmental concern is the amount of electricity required to complete an experiment. An effective means for minimizing the amount of electricity needed to drive chemical reactions to completion is proposed through the use of solar parabolic reflectors. The proposed solar reflectors are assembled by covering unused satellite dishes with Mylar tape, giving the satellite dish reflective properties when the dish is directed at the sun. The ability to use the solar reflector as the sole heat source for organic synthesis reactions is being considered. Comparative studies will be conducted using electrical supplies to compare the solar reflectors ability to generate heat to drive the chemical reactions to completion. Analysis of the products of the reactions will be analyzed using NMR and GC-MS. Preliminary research has shown that the solar reflector is capable of heating a substance to a temperature over 300 °C, which is more than capable to drive most organic synthesis reactions to completion. The synthesis of isobutyrophenone, which is synthesized through a Friedel–Crafts acylation of benzene, has been attempted using the solar reflector.

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“…Several studies have reported that use of solar disinfection with lime stabilization process exhibited a noteworthy drop in the parameters like alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity, total solids, volatile solids, and microbial colony count at different stages of disinfection. These observations indicate that pathogens of biomedical waste can be efficiently wiped out using this approach [111,112].…”

Section: Solar Energy In Waste Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Bioremediation in Biomedical Waste Management: Current and Future Prospects

Khan

2024

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Biomedical waste management is an integral part of health care as being the mainstay of hospital cleanliness, hygiene, and maintenance activities. Medical care is crucial for human health but mismanagement of biomedical waste harms the flora and fauna of ecosystem on earth, and badly influences the human health. Due to their stability, biomedical wastes are not eliminated by the solid or sewage treatment plants, and get bioaccumulated in environment, and eventually get to population through various means. They are harmful due to their potential carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and other toxicities. Current disposal techniques employed in disposing biomedical wastes are sewage/drains, incineration, and landfills. These practices are normally costly and might transform pollutants from one toxic form to another. Whereas bioremediation is an inexpensive method of employing naturally occurring microorganisms or plants to detoxify man-made pollutants to harmless products that make soil fertile as well in the process.Researchers have also evolved genetically engineered microbes to remediate environmental pollutants including radionuclides. Phytoremediation is also a type of sustainable methods, which is reasonable and competent in handling heavy metals and radioactive waste generated from hospitals. In this article, we have summarized rational applications of bioremediation techniques of using effective microorganisms and plants in enhanced removal of several recalcitrant pollutants including biomedical waste. Our review highlights the challenges and future perspectives to bioremediate non-biodegradable and potentially toxic hospital wastes.

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The use of solar energy for powering a portable autoclave

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Evaluation of a Simple Blood Culture Amplification and Antigen Detection Method for Diagnosis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Bacteremia

Evaluation of a Simple Blood Culture Amplification and Antigen Detection Method for Diagnosis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Bacteremia

Friedel–Crafts Acylation Using Solar Irradiation

Applications of Bioremediation in Biomedical Waste Management: Current and Future Prospects

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