The use of soil microbial potassium solubilizers in potassium nutrient availability in soil and its dynamics

Abstract

Background An increase in population has led to a higher demand for food. Meeting up this demand has necessitated the use of chemical fertilizers. However, utilization of these fertilizers has a considerable deleterious effect on the soil, plant, human, environmental sustainability, and only increase the cost and reduced profitability. With these identified problems, there is a need for efficient and sustainable methods regarding managing natural resources to enhance food production. Naturally, potassium (K) is an abundant element present in the soil but in an inaccessible form. There is therefore a need to seek an alternative method to improve the K availability to plants noting that K is an essential plant nutrient that plays a major role in plant physiological and metabolic processes. Subsequently, employing microbial potassium solubilizers is an efficient method to enhance the potassium availability in the soil, which in turn improves productivity. Therefore, this review discusses the various types of potassium solubilizing microorganisms in soil, their mechanism of action, and their importance in sustainable crop production. Main body Potassium solubilizing microorganisms (KSM) such as bacteria and fungi can solubilize K from an insoluble form to a soluble form to enhance uptake by plants. These microorganisms solubilize K through the production of organic acids such as tartaric acid, citric acid, and oxalic acid to release K from its minerals. Apart from making potassium available, these microbes can improve soil health and crop yield and act as bio-control agents by producing antibiotics. Potassium solubilizing microbes also produce hormones that help plants withstand both biotic and abiotic stresses. Hence, the application of KSM to agricultural soils will reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and enhance the sustainability of food production. Conclusion One of the most efficient ways of improving plant utilization of potassium in the soil is to use potassium solubilizing microbes, which can make potassium ions available from minerals of both igneous and sedimentary origins. The use of potassium solubilizing microbes as biofertilizers may be the awaited solution to increasing crop productivity, concerns linked to chemical fertilizer application, and earth resource diminution.

Contribution of potassium solubilizing bacteria in improved potassium assimilation and cytosolic K+/Na+ ratio in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under saline-sodic conditions

“…These outcomes suggest that KSB was capable of producing certain acids, either organic or inorganic, which contributed to the breakdown of the potassium aluminum silicate complex and released inorganic K, hence increasing the K content (Meena et al, 2016 ). Olaniyan et al ( 2022 ) described previously that K + secrete organic acids, such as tartaric acid, citric acid, and oxalic acid, to solubilize the mineral K + and make it accessible to plants.…”

Rhizosphere Microorganisms Supply Availability of Soil Nutrients and Induce Plant Defense

“…Potassium in soil exists in various forms, with a significant portion locked in mineral structures that plants cannot directly use. Soil microorganisms, particularly certain bacteria and fungi, are adapt at transforming this unavailable potassium into accessible forms for plants [ 77 ]. These microorganisms utilize their metabolic capabilities to produce organic acids, which play a central role in potassium solubilization.…”

Habitat, plant height, and soil nutrients are important determinants of the Hypericum perforatum microbiome

“…Yang and coauthors (2020) found that nitrogen and potassium were the strongest predictors of bacterial community composition out of eight nutrients surveyed. Like soil organic matter, potassium levels in the soil are not only determinants of microbial community composition but microbes also solubilize potassium in soils through the release of organic acids (Olaniyan et al 2022).…”