“…The shorter equipment changeover time, the smaller the production lot can be, resulting in higher production effectiveness (Silva and Godinho Filho, 2019;Antunes et al, 2013;Cakmakci, 2009;Neumann and Ribeiro, 2004). Reductions in setup time can be attained via SMED when the equipment changeover time is reduced (Mihok et al, 2015). Accordingly, production systems that successfully implement SMED benefit from lower manufacturing costs and inventory levels and better response to customer demands (Lozano et al, 2019;Dave and Sohani, 2012).…”