“…A number of different clustering approaches have been used to perform LU/LC classifications using remotely sensed data, but were found to suffer from the local minimum problem (Hegarat-Mascle et al, 1996;Klein and Dubes, 1989;Kolonko and Tran, 1997). SA has long been successfully used in various clustering applications (Brown and Huntley, 1992;Khorram et al, 2011;McErlean et al, 1990;Selim and Alsultan, 1991), making it worthwhile research to develop and investigate SA-based classification systems for LU/LC classification using remotely sensed data due to being able to overcome the local minimum problem (Dai and Khorram, 1999;Geman and Geman, 1984;Pang, Chen and Chen, 2006;Yuan, Van Der Wiele, and Khorram, 2009). …”