The use of sequence distributions to determine monomer feed compositions in the emulsion copolymerization of chlorotrifluoroethylene with vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate

Murray, David; Harwood, H. James; Shendy, S. M. M.; Piirma, Irja

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(95)99778-s

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…More interesting cases are those of vinyl acetate (VAc),12–14 N ‐vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP),16 and allylic monomers 31. From the radical copolymerization of CTFE with VAc, the composition curve, reported by Thomas and O'Shaughessy12 and the reactivity ratios ( r CTFE = 0.01 and r VAc = 0.6 at 80 °C) have shown a tendency to alternate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opening up the JCN toolbox

Saper¹

2009

J of Comparative Neurology

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For more than a decade, the Journal of Comparative Neurology has had a firm policy that we did not publish "methods" papers. The point of this policy was that we wanted our research articles to focus on new findings that enlighten us about aspects of the structure, function, and development of neural systems. We did not want to become a repository for papers that simply championed a new method but did not otherwise advance the field in a scientific sense.Yet, over the years, we were presented periodically with papers that provided important methodological advances, which we thought deserved broad attention. In most cases, we were able to persuade the authors to apply the advance to a scientific problem, to produce new data that would justify publishing the paper in JCN. This process, however, always felt awkward, and the resulting papers often were more notable for the methodological advance than the scientific advances.At our Editorial Board meeting last Fall, we therefore agreed that JCN would change its policy on publishing papers that focus on methodology. We still do not want to publish papers that simply describe a method, but we do want to bring forward a new category of papers that we hope will change the ways in which we do our work in a more broad generic sense, the JCN Toolbox.The hallmark of a Toolbox paper is that it should review critically an area of neuroscience methodology, potentially providing additional new methods or improvements but always putting them into perspective in ways that we hope will allow our readers to challenge, and perhaps change and improve, their own work. The first paper published under this new policy appeared in JCN in January of this year (Lavanex From this point forward, we will denote Toolbox papers with that designation, so that they are easier to identify. The paper by van den Pol and colleagues in the current issue is the first to carry the Toolbox label. This study reviews the use of viral vectors for introducing new genes into the brain and demonstrates a novel method for rapidly introducing new genes into neurons and permitting electrophysiological observations on transfected cells. We hope that this method, and variations that will be stimulated by this paper, will have broad application. We have other papers in the Toolbox series in the works and hope that we can stimulate our colleagues to contribute their best ideas for improving the ways in which we do our science through this category of publication. The groundbreaking series of papers that can result would surely become "must-read" material for neuroscientists and attract new readers to JCN, furthering our mission to publish the most exciting research in systems neuroscience.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the authors supplied only a few data points on the composition curve and it would be useful to further build on these first results. Several decades later, Murray et al13 determined both reactivity ratios r CTFE = 0.04 and r VAc = 0.68 (at 50 °C) under emulsion conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opening up the JCN toolbox

Saper¹

2009

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…Also, the PCTFE polymers presently marketed by Honeywell, under the Aclar ® trademark, have remarkable gas‐barrier properties . As with ethylene (Halar ® from Solvay), propylene, isobutylene, but in contrast to vinyl acetate, [1‐(fluoromethyl)vinyl]benzene, which had led to statistic copolymers of low CTFE content (compared to that of the feed), CTFE can copolymerize with vinyl ethers to form alternating copolymers . A lack of comonomers of CTFE that behave as a less reactive monomer than this fluoroalkene exists, and it is worth finding some.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of methallylic monomers bearing ammonium side‐groups and their radical copolymerization with chlorotrifluoroethylene

Alaaeddine

Boschet

Améduri

2014

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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Methallylic monomers bearing triethyl or 4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) ammonium side-groups are prepared and copolymerized with chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE). First, three different monomers are synthesized from chloro-2-methylprop-1-ene or 3-chloro-2-chloromethylprop-1-ene in fair to good yields (57-95%). Then, several parameters (initiators, aqueous or solution processes, temperature) of the radical copolymerization of these monomers with chlorotrifluoroethylene are investigated. Various initiators are tested in the presence of ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) as watersoluble surfactant, and tert-butyl peroxypivalate/APFO leads to the best results in a mixed solvent (H 2 O/CH 3 CN/C 4 F 5 H 5 ). In all experiments, the radical copolymerization shows that CTFE is more reactive than the methallylic monomer as evidenced by the characterization of poly(CTFE-co-M) copolymer by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Thermal degradation of these copolymers by thermogravimetric analyses indicates that the copolymers are stable up to 180 C without any degradation and have a T d,10% above 300 C. Finally, their ionic exchange capacities range between 0.94 and 1.69 meq g 21 .

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“…In order to determine relative reactivity ratios, we prepared a series of Ph-TFVE copolymers under bulk conditions, thereby avoiding any differences related to monomer partitioning in the aqueous emulsion. 9 Copolymer composition of bulk polymerized Ph-TFVE with EVE or VAc was determined at low monomer conversion using 1 H and 19 F NMR for a series of feed compositions. Reactivity ratios were then determined using the error-in-variables model (EVM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%