The use of second-order schedules to study the influence of environmental stimuli on drug-seeking behavior.

Cw, Schindler; Jl, Katz; Goldberg,

doi:10.1037/e474232004-001

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…While it has received relatively little attention, stimulus control appears to play a major role in human drug abuse (Bickel and Kelly 1988;Schindler et al 1988). Cues associated with the self-administration of drugs can produce conditioned withdrawal (Goldberg and Schuster 1970), conditioned tolerance (Siegel 1989), and self-reports of craving (Childress et al 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cocaine self-administration increased by compounding discriminative stimuli

Weiss

1996

Psychopharmacology

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Presenting independently established discriminative stimuli in compound can substantially increase response rates under food and shock-avoidance schedules. To determine whether this effect extends to drug self-administration, rats were trained to press a lever to receive cocaine intravenously. A tone and a light were independently established as discriminative stimuli for cocaine self-administration, then presented in combination in a stimulus-compounding test. Compared to tone and light alone, the tone-plus-light compound stimulus increased responding approximately three-fold when cocaine was withheld during testing, and it increased drug intake approximately two-fold when cocaine was made available during testing. Compounding did not increase responding after training in a truly random control condition where tone and light were presented uncorrelated with the availability of cocaine. The results obtained with this animal model of drug abuse define conditions under which combinations of environmental stimuli might substantially increase human drug use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a discriminative stimulus (S ° ) is said to "control" the behavior. Because drug abuse tends to occur in specific environmental contexts, features of these contexts come to exert control over the behavior of seeking and taking drugs (Bickel and Kelly 1988;Schindler et al 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine self-administration increased by compounding discriminative stimuli

Weiss

1996

Psychopharmacology

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“…In the present study we established an alcohol-seeking procedure in alcohol-preferring rats by adapting the secondorder schedule of reinforcement used previously to study not only cocaine and heroin seeking (Arroyo et al, 1998;Schindler et al, 1988;Everitt and Robbins, 2000;Giuliano et al, 2013), but also the seeking of high incentive foods (Giuliano et al, 2012) or sexual rewards (Everitt, 1990), in which seeking was measured before unrestrained access to, and consummatory interaction, with these rewards. Similarly, here rats were trained to make instrumental seeking responses over 15 min in order to have access to alcohol for an unrestricted 20 min drinking period in each daily session.…”

Section: Cue-controlled Alcohol-seeking Behavioral Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Novel μ-Opioid Receptor Antagonist GSK1521498 Decreases Both Alcohol Seeking and Drinking: Evidence from a New Preclinical Model of Alcohol Seeking

Giuliano

Goodlett

Economidou

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Distinct environmental and conditioned stimuli influencing ethanol-associated appetitive and consummatory behaviors may jointly contribute to alcohol addiction. To develop an effective translational animal model that illuminates this interaction, daily seeking responses, maintained by alcohol-associated conditioned stimuli (CSs), need to be dissociated from alcohol drinking behavior. For this, we established a procedure whereby alcohol seeking maintained by alcohol-associated CSs is followed by a period during which rats have the opportunity to drink alcohol. This cue-controlled alcohol-seeking procedure was used to compare the effects of naltrexone and GSK1521498, a novel selective μ-opioid receptor antagonist, on both voluntary alcohol-intake and alcohol-seeking behaviors. Rederived alcohol-preferring, alcohol-nonpreferring, and high-alcohol-drinking replicate 1 line of rats (Indiana University) first received 18 sessions of 24 h home cage access to 10% alcohol and water under a 2-bottle choice procedure. They were trained subsequently to respond instrumentally for access to 15% alcohol under a second-order schedule of reinforcement, in which a prolonged period of alcohol-seeking behavior was maintained by contingent presentations of an alcohol-associated CS acting as a conditioned reinforcer. This seeking period was terminated by 20 min of free alcohol drinking access that achieved significant blood alcohol concentrations. The influence of pretreatment with either naltrexone (0.1 − 1 − 3 mg/kg) or GSK1521498 (0.1-1-3 mg/kg) before instrumental sessions was measured on both seeking and drinking behaviors, as well as on drinking in the 2-bottle choice procedure. Naltrexone and GSK1521498 dose-dependently reduced both cue-controlled alcohol seeking and alcohol intake in the instrumental context as well as alcohol intake in the choice procedure. However, GSK1521498 showed significantly greater effectiveness than naltrexone, supporting its potential use for promoting abstinence and preventing relapse in alcohol addiction.

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“…Given the importance that conditioning plays in the acquisition, maintenance, extinction and relapse to drug abuse (Schindler et al, 1988), a clear understanding of a behavioral model such as conditioned suppression (with its well-defined conditioned stimulus parameters) can give an insight into the behavioral and pharmacological nature of that conditioning. This cocaineinduced conditioned suppression is probably based on the same process by which incentive value is conditioned to drug-related stimuli in humans.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have demonstrated that stimuli associated with drugs can elicit drug craving, maintain the long chains of behavior involved in acquisition, preparation and ingestion of drugs, and lead to relapse after a period of abstinence (Panlilio and Schindler, 1997;Robbins et al, 1999;Schindler et al, 1988;Wallace, 1989). Innumerable studies of conditioned drug effects (e.g., conditioned locomotor activity and conditioned place preference) have successfully used a distinctive environmental context as a conditioned stimulus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential involvement of dopamine receptors in conditioned suppression induced by cocaine

Grakalic

Panlilio

Thorndike

et al. 2007

European Journal of Pharmacology

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Cocaine-paired stimuli can suppress food-reinforced operant behavior in rats, providing an animal model of conditioned drug effects. To study the neuropharmacological basis of this phenomenon, we examined the effects of various dopamine receptor antagonists on the acquisition and expression of cocaine-induced conditioned suppression in rats. Superimposed on an ongoing baseline of foodreinforced operant responding, a stimulus was paired with response-independent cocaine (3.0 mg/ kg, i.v.) during each of 8 training sessions. To study acquisition, independent groups of rats were given saline, the dopamine D 1 -like receptor antagonist R(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrochloride (SCH23390) (0.001-0.03 mg/kg, i.p.), or the dopamine D 2 -like receptor antagonist eticlopride (0.001-0.03 mg/kg, i.p.) prior to each training session. To study expression, independent groups of rats were trained first, then given saline, SCH23390, eticlopride, or N-[4-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazinyl)butyl]-2-naphthamide (BP897) (a dopamine D 3 partial receptor agonist; 0.1-1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) before test sessions in which the stimulus was presented without cocaine. Pretreatment with either SCH23390 or eticlopride during acquisition reduced the direct suppressant effects of cocaine, but conditioning was blocked only in rats that were treated with SCH23390 during acquisition training. Expression of conditioning was attenuated only by eticlopride. Thus, dopamine at least partially mediates both the acquisition and expression of cocaine-induced conditioned suppression, with activation of dopamine D 1 -and D 2 -like receptors underlying these respective processes.

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The use of second-order schedules to study the influence of environmental stimuli on drug-seeking behavior.

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Cocaine self-administration increased by compounding discriminative stimuli

Cocaine self-administration increased by compounding discriminative stimuli

The Novel μ-Opioid Receptor Antagonist GSK1521498 Decreases Both Alcohol Seeking and Drinking: Evidence from a New Preclinical Model of Alcohol Seeking

Differential involvement of dopamine receptors in conditioned suppression induced by cocaine

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