The use of seclusion in learning disability services

Abstract

The use of seclusion in learning disability services T he literature outlines a number of definitions for seclusion, most of which fit with the Code of Practice of the Mental Health Act, England and Wales (revised 1999) (Department of Health 1999a) [Q tHis WAs Also rEvisED in 2008. CAn you PlEAsE uPDAtE?], which states: 'seclusion is the supervised confinement of a patient in a room, which may be locked, to protect the patient and others from significant harm'. For the purpose of this article, it is important to distinguish between 'time out' and seclusion', as these two terms are being used interchangeably in practice and relevant research. in contrast to the definition of seclusion above, time out is the withdrawal or reduction of positive reinforcement for a set period following the target behaviour

Patients’ lived seclusion experience in acute psychiatric hospital in the United States: a qualitative study

“…, Uys & Middleton , Ntsaba & Havenga , Powell et al . , Happell & Harrow ) have been conducted extensively in Europe and Australia and not in the US. It was therefore important to replicate the study by Meehan et al .…”

Individual and organisational factors associated with the use of seclusion in disability services

“…However, the research suggests that if the staff group in the service view restraint and seclusion as legitimate, effective, or useful, then it is likely that these procedures will be used. Also, Powell et al (2008) suggest that when seclusion is used within a service, other staff in that service may be influenced to "tow the line" and become immersed in a culture condoning seclusion rather than being in a position to challenge and change practice.…”

“…Unfortunately, there is limited literature available on the use of seclusion in disability services, as most of the research on seclusion has been done in mental health facilities primarily with patients with mental health issues (Powell, Alexander, & Karatzias, 2008).…”