The use of scrotal ultrasonography in male infertility

Gordon, Stephen; Otite, U.; Maheshkumar, Pattabiraman; Cannon, Ping; Nargund, Vinod

doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.2001.0003f.x

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This appears to be consistent with other studies that have reported a prevalence of 38-72% and 29% for sub-fertile and fertile men, respectively [3][4][5]. However, comparison of different studies on scrotal abnormalities is not straightforward as it appears that the definition of abnormality is still not uniform as parameters like testicular size, testicular lie and homogenicity, epididymal thickening, spermatocele, epididymal cysts have been included by some and excluded by others [3][4][5].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Apart from diagnosing the cause of the sub-fertility like varicoceles, it can also readily diagnose many other scrotal abnormalities not directly related to sub-fertility but which may be associated with morbidity like in the screening for testicular tumor due its reported higher incidence in patients with sub-fertility. Indeed scrotal abnormalities have been found on ultrasonography (USS) in 38-72% of infertile men [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scrotal abnormalities and infertility in west African men: A comparison of fertile and sub-fertile men using scrotal ultrasonography

Tijani

Oyende

Awosanya

et al. 2014

African Journal of Urology

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Objective: To determine and compare the spectrum of scrotal abnormalities in fertile and sub-fertile west African men using scrotal US. Subjects and methods: The study examined 249 subjects over a period of 13 months. The subjects comprised 149 patients with diagnosis of male infertility, as well as 100 healthy individuals for comparison. The relevant clinical history of each patient was extracted from their case notes. All the subjects had their testes examined using a high frequency (7.5 MHz) linear transducer of an ultrasound scanner. Images in B-mode ultrasound scan and color Doppler were acquired in the supine and upright position. The results were expressed as percentages and tests of significance were done using the chi-square and Fisher's t-test. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of abnormal scrotal findings in the sub-fertile and fertile men was 65.1% and 23% respectively (P < 0.01). Varicocele was the commonest and was found in 55% and 12% of the fertile and subfertile men respectively (P < 0.01). Hydrocele and epididymal abnormalities were the next common with higher prevalence in the sub-fertile men (P > 0.05), while testicular tumor was confirmed in one sub-fertile patient. With the exclusion of varicocele, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of the other abnormalities between the sub-fertile and fertile groups.Scrotal abnormalities and infertility in west African men 181 Conclusion: Male sub-fertility was associated with a higher prevalence of scrotal abnormalities. Apart from the diagnoses of the possible causes of the sub-fertility, routine scrotal US was able to diagnose other abnormalities of clinical relevance in the sub-fertile male. Scrotal US is a valuable tool in the evaluation of the sub-fertile west African man and should be considered in the routine evaluation of the sub-fertile west African man.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scrotal abnormalities and infertility in west African men: A comparison of fertile and sub-fertile men using scrotal ultrasonography

Tijani

Oyende

Awosanya

et al. 2014

African Journal of Urology

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“…6,7 In addition to reports of decreasing seminal quality, there is also evidence of increased associated abnormal-ities in the human male genitourinary tract that can be detected sonographically, such as microlithiasis, testicular cancer, cryptorchidism, varicocele, hydrocele, and epididymal abnormalities. [1][2][3][4] Our data show that the overall incidence of these abnormalities detected via ultrasound in the study group was 72% compared with 29% in controls, reaching a statistically significant difference. This is unexpectedly higher than the previously reported incidence of 57-59%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Scrotal abnormalities have been found in 38-59% of infertile men. [1][2][3][4] This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of scrotal abnormalities among oligo-and azoospermic men.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonographic spectrum of scrotal abnormalities in infertile men

Qublan¹,

Al-Okoor

Al-Ghoweri³

et al. 2007

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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“…Evaluation of the semen is the primary investigative tool in the assessment of male fertility. Over the last few decades, there have been reports to suggest decreased human semen quality (defined as sperm density) in the general population in whom scrotal ultrasound has also become the primary imaging modality in the evaluation of men with reduced semen quality [35]. Sikamoto in Japan in an assessment of 397 infertile patients using ultrasound reported that patients with total testicular volume (TTV) of 20 mL (or mean 10 mL) or more had normal sperm parameters.…”

Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome of Varicocelectomy with Different Degrees of Clinical Varicocele in Infertile Male

Reddy

Shaik

Surayapalem

et al. 2015

Advances in Andrology

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Aim. To evaluate the prevalence and effect of varicocele repair on sperm motility, sperm concentration, testicular volume, and pregnancy rate in different degrees of clinical varicocele. Material and Methods. The case records were retrospectively evaluated for 482 infertile patients with varicocele who underwent varicocelectomy from December 2008 to December 2013. Semen analysis of patient at preoperative and 3-, 6-, and 12-month postoperative period was done. Varicocele was graded as per the World Health Organization grading (WHO 1993) system and included in the study. Testicular volume was noted by ultrasonography in pre-and postoperative period in one-year follow-up. Pregnancy rate was calculated at 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up. Results. Significant differences were seen in sperm motility and concentration of patients with Grade 3 varicocele as compared with Grade 1 and Grade 2 varicocele. Significant increase in testicular volume was present after one year in Grade 3 varicocele in the postoperative period. There was significant correlation between the testicular volume and the sperm concentration. Percentage of spontaneous pregnancy in 1 year after varicocele treatment was 32 to 41% of cases. Conclusion. Varicocelectomy significantly improved sperm motility, concentration, and testicular volume. There were 32 to 41% of infertile patients who achieved pregnancy spontaneously.

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The use of scrotal ultrasonography in male infertility

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Scrotal abnormalities and infertility in west African men: A comparison of fertile and sub-fertile men using scrotal ultrasonography

Scrotal abnormalities and infertility in west African men: A comparison of fertile and sub-fertile men using scrotal ultrasonography

Sonographic spectrum of scrotal abnormalities in infertile men

Outcome of Varicocelectomy with Different Degrees of Clinical Varicocele in Infertile Male

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