The use of reservoirs and lakes for the dissipation of heat

Harbeck, G. Earl

doi:10.3133/cir282

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Other investigators have worked on the energy-budget approach to evaporation measurement (see 41,62,85,130,162,206,222,223,227,229,230,235,283,285,289,290). E. E. Anderson (41) demonstrated that the evaporation computed using the energy-budget equation was in good agreement with evaporation determined from the water-budget control at Lake Hefner.…”

Section: Cummings and Richardson (86) Use The Bowen Ratio In Their Eqmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…E. E. Anderson (41) demonstrated that the evaporation computed using the energy-budget equation was in good agreement with evaporation determined from the water-budget control at Lake Hefner. Harbeck (130,133) and Harbeck and Koberg (134) rearranged Andersen's energy-budget equation, to determine evaporation. Their equation is simply, inflow-outflow= change in storage, in which Qt = solar radiation incident to the water surface, Qr =reflected solar radiation, Qa =rncoming long-wave radiation from the atmosphere, Qar= reflected long-wave radiation, Q, =net energy advected into the body of water, $6s=long-wave radiation emitted by the body of water, Qe = energy utilized by evaporation, Qh = energy conducted from the body of water as sensible heat, Qw = energy advected by the evaporated water, Q» = increase in energy stored in the body of water.…”

Section: Cummings and Richardson (86) Use The Bowen Ratio In Their Eqmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of literature on evaporation suppression

Magin¹,

Randall²

1960

Professional Paper

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Section: Cummings and Richardson (86) Use The Bowen Ratio In Their Eqmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cummings and Richardson (86) Use The Bowen Ratio In Their Eqmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of literature on evaporation suppression

Magin¹,

Randall²

1960

Professional Paper

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“…Dissipation of waste heat from the power plant in water bodies (rivers or ponds) occurs by evaporation, long wave radiation, conduction (as sensible heat), and convection. 19 The evaporative component of that dissipation represents the consumptive water use. It is difficult to apply the once-through concept to ponds where water is continuously recirculated between the pond and the power plant (labeled 2a in Figure 2a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controls on Water Use for Thermoelectric Generation: Case Study Texas, U.S.

Scanlon

Reedy

Duncan

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Large-scale U.S. dependence on thermoelectric (steam electric) generation requiring water for cooling underscores the need to understand controls on this water use. The study objective was to quantify water consumption and withdrawal for thermoelectric generation, identifying controls, using Texas as a case study. Water consumption for thermoelectricity in Texas in 2010 totaled ∼0.43 million acre feet (maf; 0.53 km3), accounting for ∼4% of total state water consumption. High water withdrawals (26.2 maf, 32.3 km3) mostly reflect circulation between ponds and power plants, with only two-thirds of this water required for cooling. Controls on water consumption include (1) generator technology/thermal efficiency and (2) cooling system, resulting in statewide consumption intensity for natural gas combined cycle generators with mostly cooling towers (0.19 gal/kWh) being 63% lower than that of traditional coal, nuclear, or natural gas steam turbine generators with mostly cooling ponds (0.52 gal/kWh). The primary control on water withdrawals is cooling system, with ∼2 orders of magnitude lower withdrawals for cooling towers relative to once-through ponds statewide. Increases in natural gas combined cycle plants with cooling towers in response to high production of low-cost natural gas has greatly reduced water demand for thermoelectric cooling since 2000.

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“…Impounded water can be used for the dissipation of heat. A report by Harbeck 9 indicates that, for the dissipation of excess heat resulting from certain industrial processes, substantial savings in water often can be realized by impoundment, as compared with coolingtower methods-provided. of course, that it is practicable to withdraw water from a reservoir, let it absorb heat, return it to the reservoir, and leave it there long enough before reuse.…”

Section: Heat Dissipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of Impoundment to Water Quality

Love¹

1961

Journal AWWA

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Among the many things that affect water quality is impoundment. Water quality may be improved or degraded by impoundment. This article discusses some of the more significant beneficial and detrimental effects of impoundment and the principal factors causing changes in water quality. Important beneficial effects of impoundment on water quality include: reduction of turbidity, silica, color (in certain reservoirs), and coliform bacteria; evening out of sharp variations in dissolved minerals, hardness, pH, and alkalinity; reductions in temperature, which sometimes benefit fish life; entrapment of sediment; and, storage of water for release in dry periods for the dilution of polluted waters. In addition to benefits, impoundment also has certain undesirable effects, including: increased growth of algae, which may give rise to tastes and odors; reduction in dissolved oxygen in the deeper parts of the reservoirs; increase in carbon dioxide and frequently iron, manganese, and alkalinity, especially near the bottom; increases in dissolved solids and hardness as a result of evaporation and dissolution of rock materials; and, reductions in temperature, which, although sometimes beneficial, may also be detrimental to fish life.

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The use of reservoirs and lakes for the dissipation of heat

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Review of literature on evaporation suppression

Review of literature on evaporation suppression

Controls on Water Use for Thermoelectric Generation: Case Study Texas, U.S.

Relationship of Impoundment to Water Quality

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