The Use of Reproductive and Developmental Features in Assessing Tupaiid Affinities

Luckett, W. Patrick

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-1051-8_8

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Further, within the Lipotyphla, the polarization of the unusual characters discussed here as derived or primitive is often impossible to establish, and as such it remains difficult at this time to use these in any meaningful phylogenetic analysis. In the past, examination of group relationships among mammals through features associated with reproduction has depended primarily on aspects related to penis morphology and on others related to pregnancy (Simmons, 1993 ;Luckett, 1980Luckett, , 1993. While the reproductive and placental traits examined by Luckett (1980) were not particularly helpful in establishing tupaiid relationships, taken together with character analysis of cranial morphology and dental development, foetal membranes and the pattern of their formation provide support at least for a sister grouping of lagomorphs and more primitive rodents in a superordinal taxon or cohort -Glires (Luckett, 1993).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past, examination of group relationships among mammals through features associated with reproduction has depended primarily on aspects related to penis morphology and on others related to pregnancy (Simmons, 1993 ;Luckett, 1980Luckett, , 1993. While the reproductive and placental traits examined by Luckett (1980) were not particularly helpful in establishing tupaiid relationships, taken together with character analysis of cranial morphology and dental development, foetal membranes and the pattern of their formation provide support at least for a sister grouping of lagomorphs and more primitive rodents in a superordinal taxon or cohort -Glires (Luckett, 1993). Yet, not only is there considerable variation in sperm morphology and in the male accessory sex gland complex among the Rodentia per se, but, as many differences related to conception occur among the Lipotyphla, so clear differences are evident for example between rats and rabbits in regard to such conception-related features as coital behaviour, the morphology of the reproductive tracts and of spermatozoa, the pattern of sperm transport and the mode of the block to polyspermy.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novelties of conception in insectivorous mammals (Lipotyphla), particularly shrews

Bedford

Mock

2004

Biological Reviews

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In the order Lipotyphla (Insectivora), certain reproductive features differ quite distinctly from the eutherian norms, and are of interest with regard to the evolution of mammalian gamete function and perhaps for questions of lipotyphlan phylogeny. As seen in one or more members of five lipotyphlan families (shrews, moles, hedgehogs, golden moles, tenrecs), these features can involve the configuration of the male tract including the penis, the morphology of the sperm head, the anatomy of the oviduct and the patterns of sperm transport within it, the character of the cumulus oophorus, and the way in which fertilising spermatozoa interact with the eggs. However, the picture is by no means uniform within the order. Reproductive idiosyncrasies occur variously in the different lipotyphlan families, and appear consistently and strikingly in shrews--the group studied most extensively. Compared to the patterns in most Eutheria, the most interesting anomalies in soricids include (a) the regulation of sperm transport to the site of fertilisation by oviduct crypts, whose arrangement can vary even according to species, (b) a circumscribed matrix-free cumulus oophorus that appears essential for fertilisation as the inducer of the acrosome reaction, (c) barbs on the acrosome-reacted sperm head by which it may attach to the zona pellucida. With regard to the bearing such reproductive traits might have on lipotyphlan systematics, the African mouse shrew (Myosorex varius) displays a mix of traits that characterize either crocidurine or soricine shrews, consistent with the proposal that it belongs in a more primitive tribe, Myosoricinae, or subfamily, the Crocidosoricinae, from which the crocidurine and soricine lines probably evolved. Moreover, although elephant shrews are assigned now to a separate order (Macroscelidea), they display several of the unusual reproductive features seen in lipotyphlans, particularly in chrysochlorids and tenrecs. On the other hand, if used as a phylogenetic yardstick, none of the reproductive features described serves to define the Lipotyphla as classically constituted within one order, nor necessarily all the relationships suggested by recent sequencing studies of nuclear and mitochondrial genes.

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Section: Phylogenetic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phylogenetic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novelties of conception in insectivorous mammals (Lipotyphla), particularly shrews

Bedford

Mock

2004

Biological Reviews

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“…In males, for instance, accessory sex glands (Voss and Linzey 1981;Bedford et al 1998), sperm morphology (Jamieson 1995a, b;Robson et al 1997), maturation and fertilising ability, scrotal position and relations (Luckett 1980;Bedford et al 1998) have in the past provided important clues in tracing geneological relationships among mammalian species. More recently, it has been suggested that retention of spermatid nucleus in the middle of the Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of stages of the seminiferous cycle in the thick-tailed bush baby (Otolemur garnetti), a prosimian primate: possible phylogenetic implications?

et al. 2005

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Spermatogenesis in the thick-tailed bush baby, Otolemur garnetti, was studied using light microscopy. The stages and stage frequencies of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium were determined using semithin sections stained with methylene blue-azure II. These sections were obtained from the testes of six healthy adult males (n = 6). They revealed 11 stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle in this species. The mean relative frequencies of the stages I-XI were 10.9, 6.0, 5.9, 7.3, 13.2, 10.7, 11.7, 9.2, 7.6, 8.9 and 8.6, respectively. Comparisons were made between the frequency data in the thick-tailed bush baby and equivalent data in the rat, hamster, macaque, baboon, chimpanzee and man. There was a significant correlation (P < 0.05) between the Otolemur data and equivalent stage frequency data of two rodent species (rat and hamster) and monkey (Macaca arctoides). However, there was no significant correlation between the present data and those of the baboon, chimpanzee and man. Possible phylogenetic implications of these findings are discussed.

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“…Animals used in the present study are in italics. The numbers along the main branch refer to the stage of separation from the tree and therefore can serve as an indication of recency of ancestry to man (Barton and Harvey, 2000;Cronin and Sarich, 1980;Dene et al, 1980;Luckett, 1980;McKenna, 1975;Northcutt, 1984;Novacek, 1992;Nudo and Masterton, 1992;Szalay and Drawhorn, 1980; and Tree of Life Web Project: tolweb.org/tree/ phylogeny.html).…”

Section: Muscimol Binding For Gaba-a Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Distribution of muscimol, QNB, and 5HT binding in the vertebrate diencephalon: A comparative study of eight mammals and three non‐mammals

2003

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The distribution of muscimol, quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), and serotonin (5HT)-bound receptors in the diencephalon was examined by conventional receptor-binding methods in 11 species of amniotes including 2 reptiles, 1 bird, and 8 mammals, selected mostly on the basis of their differing last common ancestor with Anthropoids. We found that receptor binding can help define major subdivisions of the forebrain. The results show that in each of these species, the distribution of muscimol and QNB binding across the four major subdivisions of the diencephalon was consistent; densest in the dorsal thalamus, with hypothalamus and then either ventral thalamus or epithalamus with successively lesser amounts. However, the binding of serotonin (5HT) was most prevalent in the hypothalamus with equivalent amounts in the other diencephalic subdivisions. Myelin- and cell-stained materials showed that the pattern of high-density binding probably is not the secondary result of non-neurochemical factors such as differences in cell or neuropil density or in total available membrane. Perhaps more importantly, the receptor distributions suggest functional roles for major subdivisions across taxa. Results show that GABA-A and muscaranic Ach receptors are common in the dorsal diencephalon across vertebrate species and, therefore, are probably responsible for the gating of information to the cortex. Results show that serotonin is predominant in the hypothalamus. The lack of it in the dorsal thalamus indicates that it is probably not responsible for gating of information to the cortex. Results also show that in nonmammals the amount of GABA-A and muscaranic Ach differs from that found in mammals. For muscaranic Ach, the labeling in marsupials differs from that in placentals. Primates differ from other species (nonmammals and mammals combined) in the amount of 5HT found in the ventral diencephalon and the hypothalamus.

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The Use of Reproductive and Developmental Features in Assessing Tupaiid Affinities

Cited by 17 publications

References 38 publications

Novelties of conception in insectivorous mammals (Lipotyphla), particularly shrews

Novelties of conception in insectivorous mammals (Lipotyphla), particularly shrews

Frequency of stages of the seminiferous cycle in the thick-tailed bush baby (Otolemur garnetti), a prosimian primate: possible phylogenetic implications?

Distribution of muscimol, QNB, and 5HT binding in the vertebrate diencephalon: A comparative study of eight mammals and three non‐mammals

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