The use of pyruvic acid in the treatment of acne

Cotellessa, Claudia; Manunta, Tiziana; Ghersetich, Ilaria; Brazzini, Benedetta; Peris, Ketty

doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2004.00759.x

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The chemical is a precursor for the enzymatic production of L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, D-/L-alanine, and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (22), and it also serves in several health-related roles, including weight loss (25,33,34), exercise endurance (32), cholesterol reduction (35), and acne treatment (10). Recently, pyruvate has been used as the key metabolic precursor to the second-generation biofuels isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

High Glycolytic Flux Improves Pyruvate Production by a Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli Strain

Zhu

Eiteman

Altman

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

102

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We report pyruvate formation in Escherichia coli strain ALS929 containing mutations in the aceEF, pfl, poxB, pps, and ldhA genes which encode, respectively, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, pyruvate formate lyase, pyruvate oxidase, phosphoenolpyruvate synthase, and lactate dehydrogenase. The glycolytic rate and pyruvate productivity were compared using glucose-, acetate-, nitrogen-, or phosphorus-limited chemostats at a growth rate of 0.15 h ؊1 . Of these four nutrient limitation conditions, growth under acetate limitation resulted in the highest glycolytic flux (1.60 g/g · h), pyruvate formation rate (1.11 g/g · h), and pyruvate yield (0.70 g/g). Additional mutations in atpFH and arcA (strain ALS1059) further elevated the steady-state glycolytic flux to 2.38 g/g · h in an acetate-limited chemostat, with heterologous NADH oxidase expression causing only modest additional improvement. A fed-batch process with strain ALS1059 using defined medium with 5 mM betaine as osmoprotectant and an exponential feeding rate of 0.15 h ؊1 achieved 90 g/liter pyruvate, with an overall productivity of 2.1 g/liter · h and yield of 0.68 g/g.Pyruvic acid (pyruvate) is widely used in food, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. The chemical is a precursor for the enzymatic production of L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, D-/L-alanine, and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (22), and it also serves in several health-related roles, including weight loss (25,33,34), exercise endurance (32), cholesterol reduction (35), and acne treatment (10). Recently, pyruvate has been used as the key metabolic precursor to the second-generation biofuels isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol (2). By applying metabolic engineering strategies to them, microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and yeasts can be used to produce significant quantities of pyruvate from glucose and other renewable resources (22). In general, such approaches must delete or repress pathways which metabolize pyruvate. For example, pyruvate accumulates readily in E. coli strains having mutations in aceEF, encoding components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (37). Additional mutations, of the ldhA, poxB, pfl, and pps genes, further improve pyruvate formation (48). Figure 1 shows the principal metabolic pathways and enzymes involved in the formation of pyruvate.Because pyruvate resides biochemically at the end of glycolysis, pyruvate production is directly related to the glycolytic flux. Metabolic engineering strategies to form pyruvate therefore also aim to enhance glycolysis (8,45,46). Glycolysis is not transcriptionally limited, and control principally resides outside the pathway in cellular demand for global cofactors, such as ATP and NADH (19,23,40). Glycolytic flux is substantially increased by disrupting oxidative phosphorylation or by increasing ATP hydrolysis (8,19). Increased glycolytic flux assists pyruvate accumulation: for example, an F 1 -ATPase-defective mutant (E. coli lipA2 bgl ϩ atpA401) generated pyruvate more quickly than its parent (45,46). Similarly, E. coli atpFH (strain TC44), defi...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Glycolytic Flux Improves Pyruvate Production by a Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli Strain

Zhu

Eiteman

Altman

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

102

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“…The transient erythema and mild scaling was evident in all patients. [14] In 2004, another study with forty patients was performed by Pacifico et al . in Italy with similar results and no side effects were observed in their study as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison the effectiveness of pyruvic acid 50% and salicylic acid 30% in the treatment of acne

et al. 2016

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Background:Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous follicles and one of the most common skin diseases. The peeling method has been recently found to be effective for acne treatment. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of pyruvic acid 50% and salicylic acid 30% peeling in the treatment of mild to moderate acne.Materials and Methods:In a prospective single-blinded clinical trial, 86 patients with acne were randomly assigned into two groups. In both groups, the routine treatment of acne (topical solution of erythromycin 4%, triclorocarban soap, and sunscreen) were used twice a day for 8 weeks. In addition, salicylic acid 30% for the control group and pyruvic acid 50% for the case group were used. In both groups, acne severity index (ASI) was calculated before and at week 2, 4, 6, and 8 of the treatment. Patient satisfaction was assessed at the end of the treatment. Side effects were recorded using a checklist.Results:In both groups, the reduction in the number of comedones, papules, and ASI were statistically significant (P < 0.001) in the course of treatment. However, it was not significant regarding the number of pustules (P = 0.09). None of the number of comedone, papules, pustules, and ASI was statistically different between study groups. Both treatment groups had similar side effects except for scaling in the fifth session, which was significantly lower in salicylic acid – treated patients (P = 0.015).Conclusion:Both pyruvic acid 50% and salicylic acid 30% are effective in the improvement of mild to moderate acne with no significant difference in efficacy and side effects.

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“…The most patients suffering from papulopustular acne (of low or medium intensity), peeling with 40% -50% pyruvic acid (for 3 -4 months, at two weeks intervals) brought significant improvement without apparent side-effects [19]. In other treatment scheme, every two weeks (a total of 6 times) twenty patients with acne vulgaris (of low or medium intensity) had 30% glycolic acid (an α-hydroxy acid) applied on a one half of the face, and 30% salicylic acid (an aromatic hydroxy acid) on the other [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Skin Lipid Layer in Acne Vulgaris Patients after Treatment with 50% Lactobionic Acid, Corundum Microdermabrasion and a Combination of Both Means

Marczyk¹,

Mucha²,

Rotsztejn³

et al. 2016

JCDSA

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Background: The uses of lactobionic acid, corundum microdermabrasion, and a combined technique, are treatments supporting therapies for acne vulgaris and seborrhoea. Objectives: The work was conducted to determine the effects of the peeling with lactobionic acid, corundum microdermabrasion, and a combined technique of both means on sebum secretion in acne vulgaris patients. Methods: The peeling with 50% lactobionic acid, the corundum microdermabrasion, and the combined technique were applied to 45 female patients divided into three groups of fifteen people each. Every one treatment was given five times in two week intervals. The measurements of sebum secretion were done within the T-and U-zones using Sebumeter SM15 (Courage & Khazaka, Germany). The last (sixth) measurement was performed two weeks after the last treatment. Results: Decrease in the level of sebum secretion was found during second or third measurement. Two weeks after the last treatment, the biggest decrease in the level of sebum secretion was observed in the patients treated with lactobionic acid, followed by those treated with the combined method. Conclusions: Treatments consisting of the peeling with lactobionic acid, corundum microdermabrasion, or the combined technique, brought significant decrease in the level of sebum secretion. The biggest decrease was observed in the patients treated with lactobionic acid, which being structurally similar to α-hydroxyacids exerts exfoliating properties. The combined method was also effective, because of increased skin penetration of the active ingredients, resulting from the abrasion of stratum corneum during the corundum microdermabrasion. The corundum microdermabrasion alone was the least effective approach.

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The use of pyruvic acid in the treatment of acne

Abstract: The results of our study indicate that peeling with pyruvic acid can be considered an effective, safe and well-tolerated procedure in the treatment of patients affected by mild to moderate papulo-pustular acne.

Cited by 47 publications

References 16 publications

High Glycolytic Flux Improves Pyruvate Production by a Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli Strain

High Glycolytic Flux Improves Pyruvate Production by a Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli Strain

Comparison the effectiveness of pyruvic acid 50% and salicylic acid 30% in the treatment of acne

Comparison of the Skin Lipid Layer in Acne Vulgaris Patients after Treatment with 50% Lactobionic Acid, Corundum Microdermabrasion and a Combination of Both Means

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