The Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Fatima, Kaneez; Almas, Talal; Lakhani, Shan; Jahangir, Arshia; Ahmed, Abdullah; Siddiqui, Ayra; Rahim, Aiman; Qureshi, Saleha Ahmed; Arshad, Zukhruf; Golani, Shilpa; Musheer, Adeena

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed7030037

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…PPI prescriptions have increased in both incident and prevalent users since 2016, however, COVID-19 restrictions have resulted in a sudden non-significant decline followed by a rebound increase. This decline may be due to concerns about an increased likelihood of COVID-19 infection following PPI administration, which may have influenced prescribing patterns [ 44 , 45 ]. In contrast, long-term care in the USA reported a 59% increase in famotidine prescriptions in April 2020 compared to 2019 [ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug utilization patterns before and during COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba, Canada: A population-based study

et al. 2022

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led the Canadian provincial governments to take unprecedented measures, including restrictions to healthcare services and pharmacists. Limited evidence exists on changes in prescription trends in Canada during the pandemic period. Objectives To examine the trend of prescription medications’ utilization before and during COVID-19, among incident and prevalent users in the general population. We examined 18 major classes of medications. Methods We used the administrative health databases from the province of Manitoba, Canada, to conduct a province-wide cross-sectional study. Incident and prevalent use was compared between two time periods; pre-COVID-19: July 2016-March 2020 and during COVID-19: April 2020-March 2021. Interrupted time series analysis using autoregressive models was used to quantify the change in level and slope in quarterly medication use among incident and prevalent users. Results The quarterly study population ranged from 1,353,485 to 1,411,630 Manitobans. The most common comorbidities were asthma (26.67%), hypertension (20.64%), and diabetes (8.31%). On average, the pandemic restrictions resulted in a 45.55% and 12.17% relative decline in the aggregated utilization of all drugs among both incident and prevalent users, respectively. Subclass analysis showed a 46.83%, 23.05%, and 30.98% relative drop among incident users of antibiotics, cardiovascular drugs and opioids use, respectively. We observed a significant slope increase during COVID-19 among the quarterly cardiovascular, antidiabetics, alpha-1 blockers, and statins incident users compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. We noted a significant decrease in level among NSAIDs, opioids, and antibiotic prevalent users, however, no significant changes in slope were observed. Conclusion Our findings show a significant impact of COVID-19 measures on prescription trends in the general population. The observed decline among several medication classes was temporary. Further research is needed to monitor prescription trends and better understand if those changes were associated with increased health services and worsened outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug utilization patterns before and during COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba, Canada: A population-based study

et al. 2022

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“…The use of drugs for acid related disorders (A02) is likely to be mainly explained by their frequently inappropriate prescription for putative gastric protection when patients are ill and take multiple drugs [ 15 , 16 ]. The observed increase of drugs for diabetes (A10) concerned a high number of cases and tended to increase throughout the post-COVID period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-COVID condition: dispensation of drugs and diagnostic tests as proxies of healthcare impact

et al. 2023

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With the goal to increase knowledge on the healthcare impact of the post-COVID-19 condition we exploited the administrative claims database of Lombardy, the largest Italian region and the first after China to be heavily hit by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in February–May 2020. We chose to employ the dispensation of drugs and diagnostic tests as proxies of the impact of the post-COVID condition in 46,574 cases who recovered from COVID-19 and were negative at PCR testing within June 20, 2020. Data were obtained throughout the 18-month post-negativization period until December 2021 and results on the use of drugs and diagnostic tests were compared with those accrued in the same cases during the pre-COVID period in July–December 2019. After an increase in the first semester after SARS-CoV-2 negativization (July–December 2020), trends in the dispensation of drugs according to the broad ATC classes and of diagnostic tests decreased or remained substantially stable. However, dispensation of drugs for acid related disorders (A02), diabetes (A10), heparins (B01AB), direct oral anticoagulants (B01AP), antipsychotics (N05A), antidepressants (N06A) and for obstructive airways diseases (R03) was still higher than in the pre-COVID period. These findings, based upon drug and diagnostic test dispensation as proxies of the healthcare impact of the post-COVID condition, show that in a substantial proportion of recovered cases the post-COVID condition is active and clinically relevant 18 months after the acute disease. The findings also provide indirect evidence of the body organs and systems more compromised in the post-COVID period. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11739-023-03228-5.

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“…[38] Although a recent meta-analysis of commercial prazoles with SARS-COV-2 has found paradoxical or limited association. [39,40] Prazoles appear effective at inhibiting SARS-COV-2 production, where most tested derivatives had EC 50 > the commercial tenatoprazole. Three (5,14,18) had significantly worse EC 50 values than those seen for HIV-1 VLP production, whereas the remainder (3,4,10,11,16) were comparable.…”

Section: Many Tested Prazole Derivatives Display Significantly Improv...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Relationships to Efficacy for Prazole‐Derived Antivirals

Nyenhuis,

Watanabe,

Bernstein

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Here, an in vitro characterization of a family of prazole derivatives that covalently bind to the C73 site on Tsg101 and assay their ability to inhibit viral particle production is presented. Structurally, increased steric bulk on the 4‐pyridyl of the prazole expands the prazole site on the UEV domain toward the β‐hairpin in the Ub‐binding site and is coupled to increased inhibition of virus‐like particle production in HIV‐1. Increased bulk also increased toxicity, which is alleviated by increasing flexibility. Further, the formation of a novel secondary Tsg101 adduct for several of the tested compounds and the commercial drug lansoprazole. The secondary adduct involved the loss of the 4‐pyridyl substituent to form an irreversible species, with implications for increasing the half‐life of the active species or its specificity toward Tsg101 UEV. It is also determined that sulfide derivatives display effective viral inhibition, presumably through cellular sulfoxidation, allowing for delayed conversion within the cellular environment, and identify SARS‐COV‐2 as a target of prazole inhibition. These results open multiple avenues for the design of prazole derivatives for antiviral applications.

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The Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 47 publications

Drug utilization patterns before and during COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba, Canada: A population-based study

Drug utilization patterns before and during COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba, Canada: A population-based study

Post-COVID condition: dispensation of drugs and diagnostic tests as proxies of healthcare impact

Structural Relationships to Efficacy for Prazole‐Derived Antivirals

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