The Use of Probiotic Therapy to Modulate the Gut Microbiota and Dendritic Cell Responses in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Abstract

: Recent investigations have shown that different conditions such as diet, the overuse of antibiotics or the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms can alter the population status of the intestinal microbiota. This modification can produce a change from homeostasis to a condition known as imbalance or dysbiosis; however, the role-played by dysbiosis and the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has been poorly understood. It was actually not until a few years ago that studies started to develop regarding the role that dendritic cells (DC) of intestinal mucosa play in the sensing of the gut microbiota population. The latest studies have focused on describing the DC modulation, specifically on tolerance response involving T regulatory cells or on the inflammatory response involving reactive oxygen species and tissue damage. Furthermore, the latest studies have also focused on the protective and restorative effect of the population of the gut microbiota given by probiotic therapy, targeting IBD and other intestinal pathologies. In the present work, the authors propose and summarize a recently studied complex axis of interaction between the population of the gut microbiota, the sensing of the DC and its modulation towards tolerance and inflammation, the development of IBD and the protective and restorative effect of probiotics on other intestinal pathologies.

Osteoarthritis Is a Low-Grade Inflammatory Disease: Obesity’s Involvement and Herbal Treatment

“…Several therapeutic strategies have been proposed to manage this imbalance, which is also called dysbiosis. Probiotic therapy has been used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases induced by disruption of the gut microbiota, and the results have been positive in terms of the protective and restorative effects on the bacterial gut population [110].…”

Exopolysaccharides From Lactobacillus paracasei Isolated From Kefir as Potential Bioactive Compounds for Microbiota Modulation

“…Moreover, butyrate and propionate are able to regulate the production and function of regulatory T cells by inhibiting histone deacetylases (Morrison and Preston, 2016;Requena et al, 2018). Dysbiosis observed in inflammatory bowel diseases, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is generally associated with a reduction in SCFA levels (Alagón Fernández del Campo et al, 2019) and an increase in species of the Enterobacteriaceae family and other opportunistic pathogens (Gonçalves et al, 2018;Uchiyama et al, 2019). The microbiota modulation favoring the production of SCFA during infancy is relevant to reduce the risk of disease development in the future.…”

“…In this context, the use of diet as a basis for modifying the microbiota has re-emerged in recent years, validating the ancient concepts of the relevant role of nutrition in health (Requena et al, 2018). Therefore, the interest for probiotics or novel sources of prebiotic compounds is increasing all over the world (Ewaschuk and Dieleman, 2006;Gareau et al, 2010;Alagón Fernández del Campo et al, 2019;Venema et al, 2020).…”

Waiting in the wings: RUNX3 reveals hidden depths of immune regulation with potential implications for inflammatory bowel disease

“…CD103 + CD11b + DC expression pattern includes markers such as CD101, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1), and sialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin‐like lectin (Siglec‐F) 87 . Mucosal CD103 + DCs enhance surface expression of α4β7 and chemokine receptor type 9 (CCR9) on Tregs 88 . Induction of gut‐homing molecules results in lymphocyte infiltration in the intestine, which is characteristic of IBD 88 .…”

“…Mucosal CD103 + DCs enhance surface expression of α4β7 and chemokine receptor type 9 (CCR9) on Tregs 88 . Induction of gut‐homing molecules results in lymphocyte infiltration in the intestine, which is characteristic of IBD 88 . Activated DCs also secrete IL‐1B, IL‐6, IL‐12 and IL‐23, thus activating the Th17 cells 3,88 .…”