The use of piassava fibers (Attalea funifera) in the preparation of activated carbon

Abstract

The piassava fiber, residue of the broom industry, was used as precursor for the preparation of activated carbons (AC). AC were prepared by chemical activation with zinc chloride (AC ZnCl(2)) or phosphoric acid (AC H(3)PO(4)) and by physical activation with carbon dioxide (AC CO(2)) or water vapor (AC H(2)O). These materials were characterized by adsorption/desorption of N(2) to determine the BET areas, elemental analysis (CHN), thermogravimetric analysis (TG, DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The carbons were tested with respect to their adsorption capacity of methylene blue, reactive red, phenol and metallic ions (Cr(+6), Cu(+2) and Zn(+2)). AC ZnCl(2) presented the highest surface area (1190 m(2)g(-1)) and AC H(3)PO(4), the largest pore volume (0.543 cm(3)g(-1)). AC ZnCl(2) was more efficient in the adsorption of methylene blue, Cr(+6) and Cu(+2) ions. AC H(2)O was the better adsorbent for phenol, while AC CO(2) was better for Zn(+2) ions.

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Fibers from Liquefied Wood by ZnCl2 Activation

“…These results are consistent with pore size distribution plots for ACFs. Besides, ACFs prepared from liquefied wood presented higher adsorption for methylene blue than other raw materials (Pinus sylvestris, 1344 cm 2 /g, 299 mg/g; Piassava fibers, 1190 cm 2 /g, 277 mg/g; Coffee husks, 1522 cm 2 /g, 263 mg/g) in the published literature (Oliveira et al 2009;Avelar et al 2010;Açıkyıldız et al 2014). Thus, ACFs prepared from LWF by ZnCl2 activation would be used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of medium size organic compounds.…”

“…Their applications have been widely extended, not only as adsorbents but also as electronic materials because of their high surface area and abundant functional surface groups (Avelar et al 2010).…”

DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM BAMBOO (Bambusa vulgaris) FOR PESTICIDE REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

“…AC is obtained from controlled pyrolysis of a raw material, where temperatures vary from 400 to 1000 °C, and consequent physical and chemical activation (RIBEIRO, 2005;BRUM et al, 2008;AVELAR et al, 2010;COUTO et al, 2012;CARVAJAL-BERNAL et al, 2015;NOBRE et al, 2015;HÚMPOLA et al, 2016).…”

“…The most known applications are water treatment (remedying bodies of water, effluent treatment and sanitary landfill and water filters lixiviate); air purification (toxic gases and combustion gases removal); food and drink industrialization (sweetener purification, edible oils, glycerin, wine, organic and inorganic acids); pharmaceutical production (color and compounds removal from some drugs); medicinal use (toxic products elimination; tablets, curatives, odor control filters and masks productions), use in automotive vehicles (adsorbing combustible emissions or inside odors from them). It also is useful on oil refineries as a support for catalysts, gas storage, dehumidification (mold elimination and food conservation); in mining; and in the electronic industry (AVELAR et al, 2010;SALES et al, 2012;BAUTISTA-TOLEDO et al, 2014;SAUCIER et al, 2015;TMR, 2016).…”

Adsorption of heavy metals by agroforestry waste derived activated carbons applied to aqueous solutions

“…Activated carbon, due to its high surface area, micro porous character and surface chemistry, has been proven to be an effective adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater (Avelar et al, 2010;Mussato et al, 2010;Utrilla et al, 2011). Despite its frequent use in the water and waste industries, activated carbon remains an expensive material (Farooq et al, 2010;Mussatto et al, 2010).…”