The use of Pb/210Pb ratios in lake sediments for estimating atmospheric fallout of stable lead in South-Central Ontario, Canada

Evans, Hayla E.; Dillon, Peter J.; Scholer, P. J.; Evans, R. Douglas

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(86)90257-3

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…On this basis, we calculated I Pb atm values of 0.09 Ϯ 0.02 mol cm Ϫ2 for type 2 Pb and 0.31 Ϯ 0.03 mol cm Ϫ2 for type 3 Pb, i.e., type 2 Pb represented ϳ23% Ϯ 6% of total anthropogenic atmospheric Pb during the industrial period (since ϳ1850). The cumulative atmospheric input of anthropogenic Pb (sum of type 2 and 3 Pb) found (0.40 mol cm Ϫ2 ) is higher than reported values for South Central Ontario lakes (0.28 Ϯ 0.04 mol cm Ϫ2 in 1982-1986Dillon and Evans, 1982;Evans and Dillon, 1982;Evans et al, 1983Evans et al, , 1986, but lower than those found in Adirondak lakes (0.61 Ϯ 0.12 mol cm Ϫ2 in 1978-1983Kada and Heit, 1992).…”

Section: Pb Inventoriescontrasting

confidence: 81%

Sources and chronology of atmospheric lead deposition to a Canadian Shield lake: Inferences from Pb isotopes and PAH profiles

Gallon

Tessier

Gobeil

et al. 2005

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Section: Pb Inventoriescontrasting

confidence: 81%

Sources and chronology of atmospheric lead deposition to a Canadian Shield lake: Inferences from Pb isotopes and PAH profiles

Gallon

Tessier

Gobeil

et al. 2005

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…4). While sediment core estimates of peak deposition (*20 mg m À2 year À1 ) are reasonably consistent with the estimated Pb deposition rate for the latter part of this period (1970s) and are similar to estimates from lake sediment profiles taken in other parts of Ontario and eastern Canada including the Muskoka-Haliburton region Evans and Dillon 1982;Evans et al 1986), the temporal record appears to be somewhat blurred. For example, Pb deposition fluxes peaked earlier (start *1940) and remained high for a longer period (*40-50 years) than expected compared with estimates of Pb emissions and air concentrations (Miller and Friedland 1994) that generally indicate a 20-year peak deposition period between the mid 1950s and mid 1970s.…”

Section: Lake Sedimentsupporting

confidence: 58%

Lead biogeochemistry in a central Ontario Forested watershed

Watmough

Dillon

2007

Biogeochemistry

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To determine the sources and sinks of atmospherically deposited Pb at a forested watershed (Plastic Lake) in central Ontario, Canada, Pb pools and fluxes through upland, wetland and lake compartments were measured during 2002/ 2003 and compared with previous measurements taken between , annual bulk deposition of Pb was 0.49 mg m À2 compared with 1.90-1.30 mg m À2 in 1989-1991. Annual Pb concentrations in stream water draining the upland part of the catchment were very low (0.04 mg l À1 ) and were approximately half those measured in 1989-1991 (0.11-0.08 mg l À1 ). Leaching losses in stream water were small and mass balance estimates indicate almost complete retention (>95%) of atmospherically deposited Pb in upland soils. In contrast, annual Pb concentrations in stream water draining a wetland were between 0.38 and 0.77 mg l À1 , with the highest concentration occurring in 2002/2003 and mass balance calculations indicate that the wetland is a net source of Pb in all measured years. Lead concentrations in the lake outflow were low and the average Pb concentration measured in 2002/2003 (0.09 mg l À1 ) was approximately half the value recorded in 1989-1991 (0.19 mg l À1 both years). Annual mass balance estimates indicate that the lake retained between 2.47 mg m À2 (1989/1990) and 1.42 mg m À2 (2002/2003) and that in 2002/2003 68% of the Pb input to the lake is derived from the terrestrial catchment. These estimates are higher than sediment core records, which indicate around 18 mg m À2 Pb was retained in sediment during the 1990s. Nevertheless, Pb concentrations decrease with sediment depth and 206 Pb/ 207 Pb concentrations increase with depth, a pattern also observed in mineral soils that reflects the substantial contribution of anthropogenic Pb to the watershed. Lead isotope data from soil and sediment indicate a recent anthropogenic Pb signal ( 206 Pb/ 207 Pb * 1.185) in upper soils and sediments and an older anthropogenic signal ( 206 Pb/ 207 Pb * 1.20) in deeper soil and sediment. Lead isotope data in sediment and vegetation indicate that practically all the Pb cycled in the forest at Plastic Lake is anthropogenic in origin.

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“…The top-bottom approach is used to make regional estimates of long-term changes (>150 years) in water quality in areas exposed to watershed disturbances and recent climate change (e.g., Hall and Smol 1996;Quinlan and Smol 2002;Paterson et al 2004). Other paleolimnological studies conducted at DESC have determined historical changes in deposition of Pb (e.g., Evans and Dillon 1982;Dillon et al 1986a;Evans et al 1986a), Zn and Cd (Evans et al 1983(Evans et al , 1986b, and S (Eimers et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term assessments of ecological effects of anthropogenic stressors on aquatic ecosystems from paleoecological analyses: challenges to perspectives of lake management

Quinlan¹,

Hall²,

Paterson³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Paleolimnological techniques are important for determining background ecological conditions and ecosystem responses to stressors when long-term data sets are absent. Research at the Dorset Environmental Sciences Centre (Ontario, Canada) has included paleolimnological studies to determine the effects of anthropogenic stressors on shield lakes, including eutrophication, acidic deposition, and climate change. Diatom-based total phosphorus (TP) inferences suggest that [TP] has declined in some lakes, despite increased inputs from anthropogenic sources. When coupled with siliceous algae-based pH inferences that suggest landscape-scale long-term acidification, these results indicate that the ecological effects of anthropogenic P inputs are being masked by the cumulative effects of multiple stressors. Detailed stratigraphic analyses of lakes that have experienced severe anthropogenic disturbances indicate that despite measured and inferred recovery in epilimnetic [TP] to predisturbance concentrations, pelagic communities have not recovered to predisturbance community composition; profundal communities and the variables associated with water quality (e.g., hypolimnetic oxygen) have also not recorded recovery. This suggests that (i) typical modeling approaches to quantify the effects of anthropogenic inputs on lake water [TP] should be used with caution and (ii) lake management approaches that follow the paradigm of "water quality recovery = biological recovery" may not be applicable to ecosystems being affected by multiple anthropogenic stressors.Résumé : Les techniques paléolimnologiques sont importantes pour déterminer les conditions écologiques de base et les réponses des écosystèmes aux facteurs de stress lorsqu'il n'existe pas de banques de données accumulées sur de longues périodes. Des recherches faites au Dorset Environmental Sciences Centre (Ontario, Canada) comprennent des études paléolimnologiques pour déterminer les effets sur des lacs du Bouclier laurentien de facteurs anthropiques de stress, tels que l'eutrophisation, les précipitations acides et le changement climatique. Des déductions concernant le phosphore total (TP) basées sur les diatomées indiquent que [TP] a diminué dans certains lacs, malgré les apports accrus provenant des sources anthropiques. Couplés à des déductions au sujet du pH basées sur les algues siliceuses qui indiquent une acidification à long terme à l'échelle du paysage, ces résultats montrent que les effets écologiques du P anthropique sont masqués par les effets cumulatifs des facteurs multiples de stress. Des analyses stratigraphiques détaillées de lacs qui ont connu des perturbations anthropiques importantes indiquent que, bien que les mesures et les déductions montrent un rétablissement des [TP] de l'épilimnion à des valeurs d'avant la perturbation, les communautés pélagiques n'ont pas recouvré leur composition communautaire antérieure; de même, ni les communautés de la zone profonde, ni les variables associées à la qualité de l'eau (par ex., l'oxygène de l'hypolimnion) ne montr...

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The use of Pb/210Pb ratios in lake sediments for estimating atmospheric fallout of stable lead in South-Central Ontario, Canada

Cited by 24 publications

References 41 publications

Sources and chronology of atmospheric lead deposition to a Canadian Shield lake: Inferences from Pb isotopes and PAH profiles

Sources and chronology of atmospheric lead deposition to a Canadian Shield lake: Inferences from Pb isotopes and PAH profiles

Lead biogeochemistry in a central Ontario Forested watershed

Long-term assessments of ecological effects of anthropogenic stressors on aquatic ecosystems from paleoecological analyses: challenges to perspectives of lake management

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