Abstract:Many pathogens first enter the body via mucosal surfaces where they can then invade and disseminate systemically to cause disease. Despite this, most vaccines are given parenterally and are unable to induce mucosal immunity. Immunizing directly at the mucosa could solve this problem, however delivering vaccines at these surfaces often doesn’t invoke robust immunity. One way to alleviate this is to use adjuvants that can evoke an immune response. Most adjuvants, like aluminum salts, are unable to induce mucosal… Show more
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