The Use of Osteoconductive Bone Graft Substitutes in Orthopaedic Trauma

Hak, David J.

doi:10.5435/00124635-200709000-00003

Cited by 211 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…PLLA is a semi-crystalline polymer with a higher tensile strength and a slower degradation than PDLA, which is less crystalline. Both polymers degrade via hydrolytic degradation [32,33]. PDLA, which has a low glass transition temperature, is used as the bonding agent to hold the scaffold layers together when sintered at its glass transition temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Three-Dimensional Electrospun Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Andric

Taylor

Whittington

et al. 2015

Regen. Eng. Transl. Med.

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There are 600,000 bone-grafting procedures performed annually as a result of significant skeletal loss and bone deficiencies. This is an increasing worldwide medical issue as the average life expectancy increases 2-3 % annually. The current standards for bone treatment are autografts and allografts; both of which have drawbacks. Therefore, there is a need for alternative bone graft substitutes such as tissue-engineered grafts. Tissue engineering has emerged as a promising option for bone treatments by using biological or synthetic scaffolds to promote tissue regeneration. The advantages of this treatment include abundant supply and customizable features. The majority of scaffold fabrication techniques used in research focuses on mimicking the porous trabecular bone structure. A major characteristic of optimal scaffold integration and viability is vascularization, which is housed within the osteon canal of the cortical bone. Namely, there is a lack of tissueengineered scaffolds for bone regeneration that mimic both trabecular and cortical bone structures. In this study, we combined two previously fabricated structures, sintered electrospun sheets and individual osteon-like scaffolds, to create scaffolds that mimic dual structural organization of the native bone with cortical and trabecular regions. Scaffolds were successfully mineralized in 10× simulated body fluid (SBF) up to 48 h with enhanced mineral distribution throughout the scaffolds. Mineralization for 24 h significantly increased mechanical properties of the scaffolds. In vitro studies performed over 28 days with mouse-pre-osteoblastic cells, MC3T3-E1s, proved that the mineralized scaffolds promoted cellular attachment, proliferation, and early stages of osteoblastic differentiation in comparison to the non-mineralized scaffolds. The implications of this study lead to the advancement of tissue-engineered mineralized trabecular and cortical bone scaffolds. Lay SummaryThe use of tissue-engineered scaffolds to harness a patients' own bone regenerative properties following traumatic bone loss has emerged as an alternative to current bone-grafting procedures. In this manuscript, the development and characterization process of a synthetic scaffold which mimics both the porous trabecular bone structure and dense cortical bone structure is discussed. Qualitative analysis confirmed the biomimetic porous structure necessary for nutrient transport and cellular infiltration and the cortical canal structure to house vascularization. Various mineralization techniques were investigated to determine the optimal mechanical properties. The scaffold also exhibited the ability to promote osteoblastic cellular attachment and proliferation. The mineral content deposited onto the scaffold led to an increase in osteoblastic behavior of the attached cells; suggesting early stages of osteogenesis. The results of this manuscript indicate the potential of utilizing a tissue-engineering scaffold as a promising treatment for bone tissue regeneration applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Three-Dimensional Electrospun Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Andric

Taylor

Whittington

et al. 2015

Regen. Eng. Transl. Med.

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“…Within the calcium phosphate family, HA is most similar to mature bone. HA is often used as a bone filler, or coating for metal implants to enhance fixation of the implant to bone tissue [6]. Though HA has shown promising clinical outcomes [7,8], some reports have suggested that HA coatings can produce nanoparticulate debris causing inflammation in the body [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo and in vitro evaluation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle morphology on the acute inflammatory response

et al. 2016

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In vivo and in vitro evaluation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle morphology on the acute inflammatory response. AbstractBiomedical implants have been widely used in bone repair applications. However, nanosized degradation products from these implants could elicit an inflammatory reaction, which may lead to implant failure. It is well known that the size, chemistry, and charge of these nanoparticles can modulate this response, but little is known regarding the role that the particle's morphology plays in inducing inflammation. The present study aims to investigate the effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (HANPs) morphology on inflammation, in-vitro and in-vivo. Four distinct HANP morphologies were fabricated and characterized: long rods, dots, sheets, and fibers. Primary human polymorphonuclear cells (PMNCs), mononuclear cells (MNCs), and human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) were exposed to HANPs and alterations in cell viability, morphology, apoptotic activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated, in vitro. PMNCs and hDFs experienced a 2-fold decrease in viability following exposure to fibers, while MNC viability decreased 5-fold after treatment with the dots. Additionally, the fibers stimulated an elevated ROS response in both PMNCs and MNCs, and the largest apoptotic behavior for all cell types. Furthermore, exposure to fibers and dots resulted in greater capsule thickness when implanted subcutaneously in mice. Collectively, these results suggest that nanoparticle morphology can significantly impact the inflammatory response.

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“…They include calcium phosphate ceramics [1][2][3][4], hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic [5][6], bioactive glass (BG) [7][8][9][10] and calcium phosphate cements (CPC) [11][12][13][14][15]. Some of these materials have been used in the clinic with excellent results [16][17][18][19]. HA, TCP and BG are usually considered bone bioactive ceramics, implying that they bond to surrounding osseous tissue and enhance bone tissue formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitrosurface reaction layer formation and dissolution of calcium phosphate cement–bioactive glass composites

2008

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Composites of hydrated calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and bioactive glass (BG) containing Si were immersed in vitro to study the effect of chemical composition on surface reaction layer formation and dissolution/precipitation behavior. The solutions used were 0.05M tris hydroxymethyl aminomethane/HCl (tris buffer), tris buffer supplemented with plasma electrolyte (TE) with pH 7.4 at 37°C, and this solution complemented with 10% newborn bovine serum (TES). The post-immersion solutions were analyzed for changes in Ca, PO 4 and Si concentrations. The reacted surfaces were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The sample weight variations after immersion were also determined.The results showed that the composition of the bioactive composite CPCs greatly affected their behavior in solution and the formation of apatite bioactive surface reaction layers. After immersion in TE solution, Ca ions were taken up by all samples during the entire immersion duration. Initially, the P ion concentration increased sharply, and then decreased. This reaction pattern reveals the formation of an amorphous calcium phosphate layer on the surface of these composite calcium phosphate cements. FTIR revealed that the layer was, in fact, poorly crystallized Ca-deficient carbonate apatite. The thickness of the layer was 12-14 μm and was composed of rod-like apatite with directional arrangement. For immersion in TES solution, the Ca and Si ion concentrations showed a similar behavior as that in TE, but the release rate of Si ion was higher. FTIR revealed that after TES immersion, not only did the typical, poorly crystallized, Ca-deficient carbonated apatite form, as it did in TE, but that the serum proteins co-adsorbed on the surface and thereby affected the surface reaction layer formation. A thinner apatite layer was formed and was composed of a micro-porous layer comprising rounded particles in a glue-like appearing matrix. The addition of BG to the calcium phosphate cements to create composite calcium phosphate cements obviously is at the basis of this altered behavior of the cements. All data combined are useful for the design and optimization of degradable implant materials for use in bone tissue repair and regeneration procedures. The solutions used were 0.05M tris hydroxymethyl aminomethane/HCl (tris buffer), tris buffer supplemented with plasma electrolyte (TE) with pH 7.4 at 37°C, and this solution complemented with 10% newborn bovine serum (TES). The post-immersion solutions were analyzed for changes in Ca, PO4 and Si concentrations. The reacted surfaces were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The sample weight variations after immersion were also determined.The results showed that the composition of the bioactive composite CPCs greatly affected their behavior in solution and the formation of apatite bioactive surface reaction layer...

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The Use of Osteoconductive Bone Graft Substitutes in Orthopaedic Trauma

Cited by 211 publications

References 39 publications

Fabrication and Characterization of Three-Dimensional Electrospun Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Fabrication and Characterization of Three-Dimensional Electrospun Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

In vivo and in vitro evaluation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle morphology on the acute inflammatory response

In vitrosurface reaction layer formation and dissolution of calcium phosphate cement–bioactive glass composites

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