The use of orthotic devices to correct plantar callus in people with diabetes

Beneficial effects of foot care nursing for people with diabetes mellitus: an uncontrolled before and after intervention study

“…Plantar callus was classified into six grades using the criteria of Colagiuri et al. (Colagiuri et al. 1995) (grade 1: distinct area with minimal thickening of the keratin layer, grade 2: moderate thickening of the keratin layer, grade 3: marked thickening of the keratin layer, grade 4: callus with haematoma, grade 5: callus with ulcer, grade 6: callus with infected ulcer).…”

“…Physicians and podiatrists remove calluses and design therapeutic footwear for high‐risk patients for preventative foot care (Young et al. 1992, Colagiuri et al. 1995).…”

Efficacy of injected liquid silicone in the diabetic foot to reduce risk factors for ulceration: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

“…Traditionally, calluses are removed when they are excessively formed under the diabetic foot; however, only 2 preliminary studies have addressed how callus buildup can be minimized (7,8). Preventive care to reduce the incidence of foot ulceration also includes the provision of pressure-reducing insoles and therapeutic footwear (9).…”

Keratotic disorders

“…104,105 Despite the signifi cant pressure reduction achieved with insoles and foot orthoses, only three studies have demonstrated that this approach is effective in the management of calluses. Colagiuri et al 106 Alleviating pressures from keratotic lesions on the dorsum of the toes or between the toes is somewhat more diffi cult, as it is more dependent on the adequacy of the footwear. Several approaches have been used with anecdotal evidence of clinical success, including simple lamb's wool, foam toe spacers and silicone gel sleeves, many of which are now available as over-the-counter products from pharmacies and supermarkets.…”