The use of numerical modeling to optimize the construction of lined sections for a regionally-significant irrigation canal in Egypt

Eltarabily, Mohamed Galal; Moghazy, Hossam Eldin; Abdel-Fattah, Sommer; Negm, Abdelazim M.

doi:10.1007/s12665-020-8824-9

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It can be clearly seen that the amount of water seepage calculated numerically in this study matched closely with both the analytical and empirical solutions of Molesworth and Yennidunia, both in the case of maximum and minimum discharges, which were 0.0106274 and 0.0089846 m 3 s −1 km −1 , respectively. This observation agree with the recommendations of Mowafy [5] and El-Enany, and El-Alfy [16], regarding the use of this method to determine the seepage loss of earthen canals in Egypt. As expected, the amount of seepage in the case of maximum discharge was slightly higher than that of the minimum discharge; this can be attributed to the defined total head and the wetted perimeter corresponding to each case.…”

Section: Seepage Losses For the Earth Canalsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The Ismailia canal is considered one of the most important canals in Egypt, it starts near Cairo, has an total length of 129 km, and serves about 320,000 ha [5]. In some stretches of the Ismailia canal, severe seepage losses occur, which represent about 20% of the total canal discharge [6].…”

Section: Case Study and Site Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seepage losses from unlined irrigation canals are considered a significant reason for water losses, in addition to evaporation loss, and these losses reduce the conveyance efficiency [4]. Such is the case in the Ismailia canal, one of the most important canals in Egypt, with a total length of 129 km, and which sustains seepage losses throughout its entire length [5,6]. In some sections, the seepage loss reaches more than 20% of the total discharge; thus, losses of water through earthen conveyance canals must be reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Canal Seepage Loss Evaluation for Different Lining and Crack Techniques in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Case Study of the River Nile, Egypt

Elkamhawy

Zeleňáková

Abd‐Elaty

2021

Water

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Owing to the potential negative impacts of climatic changes and the grand Ethiopian renaissance dam, water scarcity has become an urgent issue. Therefore, the Egyptian Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation has started a national project of the lining and rehabilitation of canals, to reduce seepage losses and for efficient water resource management. This study presents a new approach for assessing three different lining and crack techniques for the Ismailia canal, the largest end of the river Nile, Egypt. A 2-D steady state seep/w numerical model was developed for the Ismailia canal section, in the stretch at 28.00–49.00 km. The amount of seepage was significantly dependent on the hydraulic characteristics of the liner material. The extraction from aquifers via wells also had a considerable impact on the seepage rate from the unlined canals; however, a lesser effect was present in the case of lined canals. The concrete liner revealed the highest efficiency, followed by the geomembrane liner, and then the bentonite liner; with almost 99%, 96%, and 54%, respectively, without extraction, and decreasing by 4% for bentonite and geomembrane liners during extraction; however, the concrete lining efficiency did not change considerably. Nevertheless, the efficiency dramatically decreased to 25%, regardless of the lining technique, in the case of deterioration of the liner material. The double effect of both deterioration of the liner material and extraction from the aquifer showed a 16% efficiency, irrespective of the utilized lining technique.

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Section: Seepage Losses For the Earth Canalsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Case Study and Site Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Canal Seepage Loss Evaluation for Different Lining and Crack Techniques in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Case Study of the River Nile, Egypt

Elkamhawy

Zeleňáková

Abd‐Elaty

2021

Water

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“…The second layer is plain concrete (pc) with a thickness of 10 cm, which is covered with a moisture-insulating material, such as cresol, to fill the pores and block the cracks in the pc layer to prevent percolated water from seeping into the shallow groundwater aquifer. Ref [18] mentioned that canal boundaries lined with concrete possess low permeability, less than 8.64 × 10 -5 m/d, while [19] used a value of 4 × 10 -9 m/d for the concrete lining. Figure 2 shows a field photo of the Sero canal after lining.…”

Section: Lined Canalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results showed that cracks in the joints between the precast concrete slabs and holes in the geomembrane were the reason for the seepage loss, while lining reduced seepage by 86% compared to there being no lining. Eltarabily et al [18] determined the effect of canal-lining on groundwater levels using MODFLOW to simulate the interaction between surface and groundwater for the Ismailia canal, Egypt. This estimated the seepage from the unlined canal to the aquifer to be at 3.5 million m 3 /day, which represents 21.6% of the canal's total discharge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Effects of Irrigation Canals Rehabilitation on the Land and Crop Yields, a Case Study: The Nile Delta, Egypt

Abd-Elziz

Zeleňáková

Kršák

et al. 2022

Water

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Shortage of surface water is considered an international problem that has even extended to countries that have rivers, in particular countries sharing the same river basins and downstream countries, such as Egypt. This issue requires intensive management of available water resources. Irrigation Canals Rehabilitation (ICR) has become essential to protect surface water in irrigation canals from losses due to seepage. Egypt is one of the countries that has started using this technique. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of ICR using concrete on the land and on crop yields. The SEEP/W model is used in the current study to estimate changes in the groundwater table and moisture in the root zone. Three cases studies have been simulated and compared including unlined, lined, and lined canals with a drainage pipe. The methodology is applied to three canals in the Nile Delta: Sero, Dafan, and New-Aslogy. The results demonstrate that ICR has decreased the losses from canals which resulted in lowering the groundwater, where the case of lining gave a higher reduction than the case of lining with a drainage pipe. In addition, the water table underneath the embankment was lowered. Decreasing the groundwater table could help to protect the land from logging and increase crop yields, but it may reduce the recharging of groundwater aquifers. Such a study is highly recommended in arid regions to decrease water losses where many countries are suffering from water shortage.

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Modelling the impact of lining and covering irrigation canals on underlying groundwater stores in the Nile Delta, Egypt

Abd‐Elaty

Pugliese

Bali

et al. 2022

Hydrological Processes

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Canal seepage losses can contribute significantly to groundwater aquifers in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. In addition, surface water evaporation and evapotranspiration from adjacent riparian vegetation directly affect surface water availability across these regions. This study aims to evaluate interactions between irrigation canals and the Nile Delta groundwater aquifer in Egypt under four operational scenarios: (i) decreased stream flows in the four main diversion canals associated with upper Nile diversions and climate change, (ii) concrete lining of irrigation canals, (iii) combined lining and use of Photo-Voltaic (PV) Solar Panel covers on canals and (iv) enclosure of the canals in closed conduits. We investigated the effects of these scenarios on regional groundwater supplies and levels using MODFLOW and water budget analyses. Decreased streamflow (scenario 1) resulted in decreased aquifer recharge (from 732 910 to 483 800 m 3 day À1 ) and lower groundwater levels as compared to the base case (present) conditions. Moreover, groundwater flows from the aquifer to the four main canals noticeably increased from 23 176 to 79 364 m 3 day À1 . Water budget analyses associated with canal lining scenarios (2, 3, & 4) indicated that canal leakage to the aquifer accounted for 146 582, 146 582, and 73 291 m 3 day À1 respectively. The changes in canal efficiencies reached 29.3%, 67.1%, 75.3%, and 91.8% while the changes in aquifer recharge efficiencies were 66%, 20%, 20%, and 10% for the four scenarios, respectively. Overall, we found that canals lining is likely the most suitable solution for managing water resources in the Nile Delta. Further aspects to be considered in future studies include the loss of biodiversity along streams embankments due to channel lining.

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The use of numerical modeling to optimize the construction of lined sections for a regionally-significant irrigation canal in Egypt

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Numerical Canal Seepage Loss Evaluation for Different Lining and Crack Techniques in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Case Study of the River Nile, Egypt

Numerical Canal Seepage Loss Evaluation for Different Lining and Crack Techniques in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Case Study of the River Nile, Egypt

Spatial and Temporal Effects of Irrigation Canals Rehabilitation on the Land and Crop Yields, a Case Study: The Nile Delta, Egypt

Modelling the impact of lining and covering irrigation canals on underlying groundwater stores in the Nile Delta, Egypt

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