The use of nanoparticles as a promising therapeutic approach in cancer immunotherapy

Abstract

Cancer is one of the most important causes of death all over the world, which has not yet been treated efficiently. Although several therapeutic approaches have been used, some side effects such as toxicity and drug resistance have been observed in patients, particularly with chemotherapy. The nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery systems (DDS) have a great potential to improve cancer treatment by transferring therapeutic factors directly to the tumor site. Such a treatment significantly decreases the adverse effects associated with cancer therapy on healthy tissues. Two main strategies, including passive and active methods, have been considered to be effective techniques which can target the drugs to the tumor sites. The current review sheds some light on the place of nanotechnology in cancer drug delivery, and introduces nanomaterials and their specific characteristics that can be used in tumor therapy. Moreover, passive and active targeting approaches focus on antibodies, particularly single chain variable fragments (scFv), as a novel and important ligand in a drug delivery system.

CAR-modified T-cell therapy for cancer: an updated review

“…Some interventions which promote the immune system of the patient, for example, by vaccination or adjuvant therapy, actively promote antitumor effector mechanisms to improve cancer elimination. On the other hand, administration of specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against different tumor antigens and the adoptive transfer of genetically-modified specific T cells are currently the most rapidly developing approaches for targeted therapy of cancer (Ahmed and Cheung 2013, Brayer and Pinilla-Ibarz 2013, Fenoglio et al 2013, Kvistborg et al 2012, Pranchevicius and Vieira 2013, Hosseini et al 2015, Kazemi et al 2015.…”

Drug delivery approaches for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme

“…In attempts to overcome this issue, nanotechnologybased devices are being extensively employed for brain tumor therapy (Benny and Pakneshan 2009, Ferrari 2005, Hosseini et al 2015. These nanovectors have proven successful for targeted drug delivery, and they primarily include nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), microcapsules, without its challenges.…”

Application of nanomedicine for crossing the blood–brain barrier: Theranostic opportunities in multiple sclerosis

“…Although application of CNT was associated with neuroprotective effects in both in vitro (Claire du Toit et al 2007) and in vivo (Yang et al 2010) studies, their use as a drug carrier is limited, which is in part due to their high toxicity. The high toxicity of CNT is related to their geometric structure and impurities, such as residual metal and amorphous carbon (Hosseini et al 2015).…”

“…It has been shown that nanoparticles (NP) can be used in both the diagnosis and treatment of immunopathologic diseases (Hosseini et al 2015). However, treatment of neurological disorders has usually been associated with several problems, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB) hindrance and a variety of side effects (Jadidi-Niaragh & Mirshafiey 2012).…”