The Use of Nanomaterials in Tissue Engineering for Cartilage Regeneration; Current Approaches and Future Perspectives

Eftekhari, Aziz; Dizaj, Solmaz Maleki; Sharifi, Simin; Salatin, Sara; Saadat, Yalda Rahbar; Vahed, Sepideh Zununi; Samiei, Mohammad; Ardalan, Mohammadreza; Rameshrad, Maryam; Ahmadian, Elham; Cucchiarini, Magali

doi:10.3390/ijms21020536

Cited by 100 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 176 publications

(180 reference statements)

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“…Tissue engineering for regenerative approaches emerges as one of the most promising biomedical applications for cartilage tissue regeneration. The latter is based on the use of innovative biomaterials, which act as scaffolds, mimicking a three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment, with or without the use of chondrocytes or mesenchymal stem cells from different sources [7][8][9][10]. Over the past decades, several advances in this field have arisen, based on the innovative techniques used for biomaterial characterization, design and functionalization [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Cell-Free Collagen Type I-Based Scaffold for Articular Cartilage Regeneration in an Orthotopic Rat Model

et al. 2020

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The management of chondral defects represents a big challenge because of the limited self-healing capacity of cartilage. Many approaches in this field obtained partial satisfactory results. Cartilage tissue engineering, combining innovative scaffolds and stem cells from different sources, emerges as a promising strategy for cartilage regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of a cell-free collagen I-based scaffold to promote cartilaginous repair after orthotopic implantation in vivo. Articular cartilage lesions (ACL) were created at the femoropatellar groove in rat knees and cell free collagen I-based scaffolds (S) were then implanted into right knee defect for the ACL-S group. No scaffold was implanted for the ACL group. At 4-, 8- and 16-weeks post-transplantation, degrees of cartilage repair were evaluated by morphological, histochemical and gene expression analyses. Histological analysis shows the formation of fibrous tissue, at 4-weeks replaced by a tissue resembling the calcified one at 16-weeks in the ACL group. In the ACL-S group, progressive replacement of the scaffold with the newly formed cartilage-like tissue is shown, as confirmed by Alcian Blue staining. Immunohistochemical and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses display the expression of typical cartilage markers, such as collagen type I and II (ColI and ColII), Aggrecan and Sox9. The results of this study display that the collagen I-based scaffold is highly biocompatible and able to recruit host cells from the surrounding joint tissues to promote cartilaginous repair of articular defects, suggesting its use as a potential approach for cartilage tissue regeneration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Cell-Free Collagen Type I-Based Scaffold for Articular Cartilage Regeneration in an Orthotopic Rat Model

et al. 2020

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“…Alginate is a natural biopolymer that has been widely used for drug delivery, dental impression materials, and tissue engineering [ 4 , 60 , 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in alginate-gelatin/Nano-hydroxyapatite microcapsules

et al. 2021

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Background Microcapsule is considered as a promising 3D microenvironment for Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE) applications. Microencapsulation of cells in an appropriate scaffold not only protected the cells against excess stress but also promoted cell proliferation and differentiation. Through the current study, we aimed to microcapsulate the human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) and evaluated the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of those cells by using MTT assay, qRT-PCR, Alkaline phosphatase, and Alizarine Red S. Results The SEM results revealed that Alg/Gel microcapsules containing nHA showed a rough and more compact surface morphology in comparison with the Alg/Gel microcapsules. Moreover, the microencapsulation by Alg/Gel/nHA could improve cell proliferation and induce osteogenic differentiation. The cells cultured in the Alg/Gel and Alg/Gel/nHA microcapsules showed 1.4-fold and 1.7-fold activity of BMP-2 gene expression more in comparison with the control group after 21 days. The mentioned amounts for the BMP-2 gene were 2.5-fold and 4-fold more expression for the Alg/Gel and Alg/Gel/nHA microcapsules after 28 days. The nHA, addition to hDPSCs-laden Alg/Gel microcapsule, could up-regulate the bone-related gene expressions of osteocalcin, osteonectin, and RUNX-2 during the 21 and 28 days through the culturing period, too. Calcium deposition and ALP activities of the cells were observed in accordance with the proliferation results as well as the gene expression analysis. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that microencapsulation of the hDPSCs inside the Alg/Gel/nHA hydrogel could be a potential approach for regenerative dentistry in the near future. Graphical abstract

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“…To date, various technologies such as electrospinning, phase separation, self-assembly, drawing and template synthesis have been applied in attempts to optimize nanofiber scaffolds to make them more consistently bioactive and mechanically stable for effective tissue regeneration application. 26 For example; a nanofibrous scaffold was developed that was highly porous, interconnected and degradable. It was developed using phase separation of poly l-lactic acid (PLLA) solutions combined with porogen leaching techniques.…”

Section: Polymer Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Growth Factor and Its Polymer Scaffold-Based Delivery System for Cartilage Tissue Engineering</p>

Chen¹,

Liu²,

Guan³

et al. 2020

IJN

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The development of biomaterials, stem cells and bioactive factors has led to cartilage tissue engineering becoming a promising tactic to repair cartilage defects. Various polymer three-dimensional scaffolds that provide an extracellular matrix (ECM) mimicking environment play an important role in promoting cartilage regeneration. In addition, numerous growth factors have been found in the regenerative process. However, it has been elucidated that the uncontrolled delivery of these factors cannot fully exert regenerative potential and can also elicit undesired side effects. Considering the complexity of the ECM, neither scaffolds nor growth factors can independently obtain successful outcomes in cartilage tissue engineering. Therefore, collectively, an appropriate combination of growth factors and scaffolds have great potential to promote cartilage repair effectively; this approach has become an area of considerable interest in recent investigations. Of late, an increasing trend was observed in cartilage tissue engineering towards this combination to develop a controlled delivery system that provides adequate physical support for neo-cartilage formation and also enables spatiotemporally delivery of growth factors to precisely and fully exert their chondrogenic potential. This review will discuss the role of polymer scaffolds and various growth factors involved in cartilage tissue engineering. Several growth factor delivery strategies based on the polymer scaffolds will also be discussed, with examples from recent studies highlighting the importance of spatiotemporal strategies for the controlled delivery of single or multiple growth factors in cartilage tissue engineering applications.

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The Use of Nanomaterials in Tissue Engineering for Cartilage Regeneration; Current Approaches and Future Perspectives

Cited by 100 publications

References 176 publications

Evaluation of a Cell-Free Collagen Type I-Based Scaffold for Articular Cartilage Regeneration in an Orthotopic Rat Model

Evaluation of a Cell-Free Collagen Type I-Based Scaffold for Articular Cartilage Regeneration in an Orthotopic Rat Model

The osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in alginate-gelatin/Nano-hydroxyapatite microcapsules

<p>Growth Factor and Its Polymer Scaffold-Based Delivery System for Cartilage Tissue Engineering</p>

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