The use of nanomaterials in concrete: A review

Goel, Gaurav; Sachdeva, Payal; Chaudhary, Akshay Kumar; Singh, Yadvendra

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.09.051

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Figure 1 shows a diagram that summarises the mechanism by which nanoparticles improve the durability of concrete. Several scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images from different studies presented a denser, homogeneous, and more uniform microstructure of nano-modified concrete [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. The interfacial transition zone (ITZ) was also improved with the addition of nanoparticles owing to their microaggregate filling effect [ 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Microstructure Of Concrete and C-s-h Gel Hydration With Nano...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incorporating ultra-fine materials (e.g., 1–100 nm) such as nanoparticles is among the most influential methods to increase the mechanical strength of concrete and perfect its microstructure [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Recent studies and published papers demonstrated that nanomaterials play an advanced role in improving concrete’s compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanosilica materials enhance the microstructure not only because of the nanofiller effect but also through pozzolanic reactivity, which in turn promotes cement hydration, formatting a higher amount of C-S-H gel [ 18 ]. Other nanomaterials such as nanoclay, titanium oxide, nanometakaolin, nanoC-S-H, nanoCaCO 3 , carbon nanotube, etc., improve concrete microstructure with filling and seeding effects [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. According to the literature, nanoparticles enhance the formation of C-S-H gel with a compact structure by filling its nanopores, as discussed in Section 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact of numerous nanomaterials, such as nanosilica, nanoZnO, nanoFe 2 O 3 , nanoAl 2 O 3 , and nanoTiO 2 , on the properties of concrete was discussed in several published works [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The results confirmed the ability of these ultra-fine materials to ameliorate the cementitious materials’ macroscopic characteristics and functioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is attributed to nanoparticles’ role in reducing pore size and connectivity by advancing the growth of C-S-H gel. Various studies investigated the influence of incorporating nanomaterials on the durability performance of concrete [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Hence, in this article, a comprehensive review was completed to highlight the effect of nanomaterials on cement gel in concrete and how their durability performance can be enhanced against heat, acid attack, sulphate attack, chloride attack, and surface abrasion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Elucidative Review of the Nanomaterial Effect on the Durability and Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (C-S-H) Gel Development of Concrete

Al-saffar,

Wong,

Paul

2023

Gels

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Concrete as a building material is susceptible to degradation by environmental threats such as thermal diffusion, acid and sulphate infiltration, and chloride penetration. Hence, the inclusion of nanomaterials in concrete has a positive effect in terms of promoting its mechanical strength and durability performance, as well as resulting in energy savings due to reduced cement consumption in concrete production. This review article discussed the novel advances in research regarding C-S-H gel promotion and concrete durability improvement using nanomaterials. Basically, this review deals with topics relevant to the influence of nanomaterials on concrete’s resistance to heat, acid, sulphate, chlorides, and wear deterioration, as well as the impact on concrete microstructure and chemical bonding. The significance of this review is a critical discussion on the cementation mechanism of nanoparticles in enhancing durability properties owing to their nanofiller effect, pozzolanic reactivity, and nucleation effect. The utilization of nanoparticles enhanced the hydrolysis of cement, leading to a rise in the production of C-S-H gel. Consequently, this improvement in concrete microstructure led to a reduction in the number of capillary pores and pore connectivity, thereby improving the concrete’s water resistance. Microstructural and chemical evidence obtained using SEM and XRD indicated that nanomaterials facilitated the formation of cement gel either by reacting pozzolanically with portlandite to generate more C-S-H gel or by functioning as nucleation sites. Due to an increased rate of C-S-H gel formation, concrete enhanced with nanoparticles exhibited greater durability against heat damage, external attack by acids and sulphates, chloride diffusion, and surface abrasion. The durability improvement following nanomaterial incorporation into concrete can be summarised as enhanced residual mechanical strength, reduced concrete mass loss, reduced diffusion coefficients for thermal and chloride, improved performance against sulphates and acid attack, and increased surface resistance to abrasion.

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