The use of muscle extracellular matrix (MEM) and SCPC bioceramic for bone augmentation

Abstract

Background: Bone augmentation is a challenging problem in the field of maxillofacial surgery. Objective: In this study, we prepared and evaluated muscle extracellular matrix (MEM) after adding silica calcium phosphate composite (SCPC) seeded with human bone marrow mesenchymal cells (hBMSCs). We then investigated bone augmentation in vivo using the prepared MEM-SCPC. Materials and Methods: hBMSCs were seeded on MEM-SCPC, and MEM was characterized. Calvarial bone grafts were prepared using nude mice (n = 12) and grafted separately in two experimental groups: grafts with MEM (control, n = 4) and grafts with MEM-SCPC-hBMSCs (experimental group, n = 8) for 8 weeks. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analysis were then performed. Results: Micro-CT analysis demonstrated a thinner trabeculae in grafted defects than normal native bone, with a high degree of anisotropy. Quantitative histomorphometric assessment showed a higher median bone percentage surface area of 80.2% ± 6.0% in the experimental group. Conclusion: The enhanced bone formation and maturation of bone grafted with MEM-SCPC-hBMSCs suggested the potential use of this material for bone augmentation.

Evaluation of the regenerative potential of decellularized skeletal muscle seeded with mesenchymal stromal cells in critical-sized bone defect of rat models

“…However, our findings showed analogous results in both groups with a greater percentage of viability on Day 7 compared to Day 3, with an increase of up to 1.5-fold. This was in contradiction with Al-Fotawi et al’s result, which demonstrated clear variance in cell proliferation rate between the experimental and control groups ( Al-Fotawi et al, 2020 ). More importantly, this study proves the osteogenic potential after recellularization through early and late phases of osteogenic differentiation and maturation.…”

“…Accordingly, our results confirmed the reduced antigenicity of DSMG, allowing for proper cell proliferation. Al-Fotawi et al (2020) exhibited a comparable cell proliferation rate using similar scaffolds and decellularization protocols. However, our findings showed analogous results in both groups with a greater percentage of viability on Day 7 compared to Day 3, with an increase of up to 1.5-fold.…”

Assessment of novel surgical procedures using decellularised muscle and bioactive ceramic: a histological analysis

“…15 Graph comparing the mean bone thickness in all the tested groups with the thickness of native non-operated bone (100 µm). A significant difference was found at p value < 0.05 upregulated bone sialoprotein associated with cell proliferation [7]. The upregulation of OCN and OPN expression by SCPC confirms its important role in promoting osteogenesis within the DSM/SCPC scaffold and at the interface with host bone.…”

Inhibition of osteoclast activities by SCPC bioceramic promotes osteoblast‐mediated graft resorption and osteogenic differentiation

“…These structure features of SCPC have been correlated to the significantly higher controlled dissolution rate of Si, rapid bone regeneration and graft resorption compared to bioglass in vivo 33 . Several other clinical and animal studies have demonstrated near complete resorption of SCPC in bone defects and that the resorption is associated with bone regeneration and maturation 28‐30,32,35‐39 in the time frame ideal for dental implant placement. The SCPC resorption and bone regeneration increased as the silica content in SCPC increased from 29.2 to 63.7 mol% 34 .…”