The Use of Multiple Data Sources in the Process of Topographic Maps Updating

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The methods used in the process of updating maps have evolved and become more complex, especially upon the development of the digital technology. At the same time, the development of technology has led to an abundance of available data that can be used in the updating process. The data sources came in a great variety of forms and formats from different acquisition sensors. Satellite images provided by certain satellite missions are now available on space agencies portals. Images stored in archives of satellite missions such us Sentinel, Landsat and other can be downloaded free of charge.The main advantages are represented by the large coverage area and rather good spatial resolution that enables the use of these images for the map updating at an appropriate scale. In our study we focused our research of these images on 1: 50.000 scale map. DEM that are globally available could represent an appropriate input for watershed delineation and stream network generation, that can be used as support for hydrography thematic layer update. If, in addition to remote sensing aerial photogrametry and LiDAR data are ussed, the accuracy of data sources is enhanced. Ortophotoimages and Digital Terrain Models are the main products that can be used for feature extraction and update. On the other side, the use of georeferenced analogical basemaps represent a significant addition to the process. Concerning the thematic maps, the classic representation of the terrain by contour lines derived from DTM, remains the best method of surfacing the earth on a map, nevertheless the correlation with other layers such as Hidrography are mandatory. In the context of the current national coverage of the Digital Terrain Model, one of the main concerns of the National Center of Cartography, through the Cartography and Photogrammetry Department, is represented by the exploitation of the available data in order to update the layers of the Topographic Reference Map 1:5000, known as TOPRO5 and at the same time, through the generalization and additional data sources of the Romanian 1:50 000 scale map. This paper also investigates the general perspective of DTM automatic use derived products in the process of updating the topographic maps.

Suitability of the Spanish Open Public Cartographic Resources for BIM Site Modeling

“…There are several recent studies comparing the quality of surveys performed with LIDAR technology and UAV photogrammetry (Lorenzo et al 2012;Chiabrando et al 2017;Bandini et al 2020). Regarding the use of free cartographic resources, we must consider the studies that demonstrate the accuracy achieved in cartographic representation using free cartographic products like time series Landsat imagery and the Google Earth Engine (Wang et al 2020), free DEMs (Tavares da Costa et al 2019), or a combination of multiple data sources (Cantemir et al 2016). This research study is focused on the cartographic products made by the Spanish National Geographic Institute (IGN in Spanish).…”