The use of mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in the classification of individual onion plants by cytoplasmic genotypes

Satoh, Yuka; Nagai, Makoto; Mikami, Tetsuo; Kinoshita, Toshiro

doi:10.1007/bf00222100

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Using techniques for the direct visualization of small amounts of DNA, our group revealed that up to two-thirds of mitochondria in Arabidopsis mesophyll cells totally lack mtDNA and the remaining one-third of mitochondria possess mtDNA of about 100 kb on average (Wang et al, 2010). This agrees well with a previously reported value for mtDNA copy number (about 50 copies per cell; Draper and Hays, 2000) and is consistent with the idea that plant mitochondrial genomes exist as submolecules smaller than the total genomic sizes (Satoh et al, 1993;Kubo and Newton, 2008). Among plant cells possessing low mtDNA copy numbers, the vegetative cell in the pollen grains is an extreme case; a mature pollen grain of Antirrhinum majus, containing many more mitochondria than a somatic cell, possesses only 16 copies of the mtDNA (Wang et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 90%

Elevation of Pollen Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number by WHIRLY2: Altered Respiration and Pollen Tube Growth in Arabidopsis

et al. 2015

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In plants, the copy number of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can be much lower than the number of mitochondria. The biological significance and regulatory mechanisms of this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Here, using the pollen vegetative cell, we examined the role of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mtDNA-binding protein WHIRLY2 (AtWHY2). AtWHY2 decreases during pollen development, in parallel with the rapid degradation of mtDNA; to examine the importance of this decrease, we used the pollen vegetative cell-specific promoter Lat52 to express AtWHY2. The transgenic plants (LWHY2) had very high mtDNA levels in pollen, more than 10 times more than in the wild type (ecotype Columbia-0). LWHY2 plants were fertile, morphologically normal, and set seeds; however, reciprocal crosses with heterozygous plants showed reduced transmission of LWHY2-1 through the male and slower growth of LWHY2-1 pollen tubes. We found that LWHY2-1 pollen had significantly more reactive oxygen species and less ATP compared with the wild type, indicating an effect on mitochondrial respiration. These findings reveal that AtWHY2 affects mtDNA copy number in pollen and suggest that low mtDNA copy numbers might be the normal means by which plant cells maintain mitochondrial genetic information.

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confidence: 90%

Elevation of Pollen Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number by WHIRLY2: Altered Respiration and Pollen Tube Growth in Arabidopsis

et al. 2015

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“…Changes in Ms allelic frequency toward fixation over relatively short periods of time could have occurred in Scytoplasmic populations such as 'Pukekohe Longkeeper' and 'Creamgold' (Havey 1993a). Extraction of maintainer lines from these onion populations has not been successful, due to relatively high frequencies of the dominant Ms allele (Little et al 1944;Davis 1957;Havey and Randle 1996) or S-cytoplasm (Havey 1993a;Satoh et al 1993;Havey and Bark 1994).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Selection at the Ms locus in open pollinated onion (Allium cepa L.) populations possessing S-cytoplasm or mixtures of N- and S-cytoplasms

Gökçe

Havey²

2005

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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The bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) was historically seed propagated by open pollination (OP). Cytoplasmicgenic male sterility (CMS) and protandry encourage outcrossing among individual onion plants. The most common source of CMS in onion is conditioned by the interaction of sterile (S) cytoplasm with a single nuclear male-fertility restoration (Ms) locus. We previously reported that the majority of OP onion populations possess normal (N) male-fertile cytoplasm and varying frequencies of the dominant Ms allele. It was unclear why N-cytoplasmic onion populations often possess relatively high frequencies of the Ms allele, which has no obvious function. We used computer simulations to estimate changes in allelic frequencies at Ms for onion populations possessing S-cytoplasm or a mixture of N-and S-cytoplasms, and to determine if frequencies of the Ms allele stay constant or change due to failure of male gamete production from malesterile (S msms) plants. The models revealed selection against the recessive ms allele over generations in onion populations possessing S-cytoplasm and varying amounts of self pollination and inbreeding depression. These models were consistent with field and molecular analyses documenting that N-cytoplasm and the dominant Ms allele predominate in OP onion populations.

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“…CMS is widely applied to breed commercial hybrid cabbage (Wu and Yamg 2008), carrot (Nakajima et al 2001;Robison and Wolyn 2006), onion (Satoh et al 1993;Yamashita and Tashiro 2004), radish (Makaroff and Palmer 1988;Bang et al 2011), oilseed rape (Barsby et al 1987), rice (Shinjyo 1969;Rosamma and Vijayakumar 2005), sorghum (Stephens and Holland 1954), sugar beet (Ducos et al 2001), sunflower (Sabar et al 2003), and tobacco (Bergman et al 2000). CMS-related studies have focused on three male sterile cytoplasms in Brassica (i.e., ogu, nap, and pol).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor BcbHLHpol functions as a positive regulator of pollen development in non-heading Chinese cabbage

Zhang

Duan

et al. 2014

Funct Integr Genomics

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Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a common trait in higher plants, and several transcription factors regulate pollen development. Previously, we obtained a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, BcbHLHpol, via suppression subtractive hybridization in non-heading Chinese cabbage. However, the regulatory function of BcbHLHpol during anther and pollen development remains unclear. In this study, BcbHLHpol was cloned, and its tissue-specific expression profile was analyzed. The results of real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that BcbHLHpol was highly expressed in maintainer buds and that the transcripts of BcbHLHpol significantly decreased in the buds of pol CMS. A virus-induced gene silencing vector that targets BcbHLHpol was constructed and transformed into Brassica campestris plants to further explore the function of BcbHLHpol. Male sterility and short stature were observed in BcbHLHpol-silenced plants. The degradation of tapetal cells was inhibited in BcbHLHpol-silenced plants, and nutrients were insufficiently supplied to the microspore. These phenomena resulted in pollen abortion. This result indicates that BcbHLHpol functions as a positive regulator in pollen development. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that BcbHLHpol interacted with BcSKP1 in the nucleus. This finding suggests that BcbHLHpol and BcSKP1 are positive coordinating regulators of pollen development. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated that BcbHLHpol and BcSKP1 can be induced at low temperatures. Thus, we propose that BcbHLHpol is necessary for meiosis. This study provides insights into the regulatory functions of the BcbHLHpol network during anther development.

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The use of mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in the classification of individual onion plants by cytoplasmic genotypes

Cited by 38 publications

References 8 publications

Elevation of Pollen Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number by WHIRLY2: Altered Respiration and Pollen Tube Growth in Arabidopsis

Elevation of Pollen Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number by WHIRLY2: Altered Respiration and Pollen Tube Growth in Arabidopsis

Selection at the Ms locus in open pollinated onion (Allium cepa L.) populations possessing S-cytoplasm or mixtures of N- and S-cytoplasms

Basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor BcbHLHpol functions as a positive regulator of pollen development in non-heading Chinese cabbage

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