The Use of Mirrors in Critical Care Nursing

Abstract

There is no known literature to guide the critical care nurse in the use of mirrors in patient care. This article explores how the author came to believe that mirrors were essential to nursing practice. Misconceptions and assumptions concerning mirrors are explored. A framework that conceptually explores the experience of viewing self in the mirror from the perspective of a person is presented. Five situations in which the mirror may be used in critical care are discussed. This article does not present an authoritative view on mirrors in nursing; rather, it is an invitation to dialogue about a unique element in the environment that may be used to enhance nursing care.

Who Is That Stranger in the Mirror? The Mirror Experience for Elderly Patients With Dementia

“…A few studies and articles by Freysteinson 8,11,12,14 and Freysteinson and Cesario 22 exploring the concept of mirrors has begun to surface, bringing this phenomenon to the attention of health care providers and caregivers. There is a need for evidence-based research studies for this patient population.…”

“…9,10 Individuals do not ask for mirrors as it is considered vain to be seen looking into a mirror. 11 And yet, many use a mirror for many aspects of self-care (ie, application of make-up, hair combing, shaving) and to see what one looks like and to see what others may see. 12 The literature concerning the mirror viewing experience and use of mirrors for the person with dementia appears to be limited.…”

“…Freysteinson found that although there is a lack of evidenced-based studies, patient testimonies suggest that utilizing a mirror to view self is an everyday reality. 8,11,14 Nursing personnel play an important role in the care of patients with dementia. Helping preserve self-acceptance and self-recognition in a mirror and independence in activities of daily living, which require a mirror, is important.…”

Investigator Reflections

“…On the basis of her own nursing practice of carrying a mirror in her pocket and offering the mirror frequently to patients, Freysteinson 6 challenged some of the underlying myths or assumptions about the use of mirrors in holistic nursing practice. Some nurses may believe that if people want mirrors in hospitals, they will ask for them.…”

Looking in the mirror for the first time after facial burns: A retrospective mixed methods study

“…Further research that is relevant to the topic is that which suggests that mirrors are lacking in healthcare settings generally and that hospital wards are often artificial environments given the absence of mirrors or minimal mirrors available [21]. With specific reference to burn care, one study found that the presence of mirrors in UK burns units/centres varied, with some services having minimal available for patient use despite patients generally reporting a favourable attitude towards the presence of mirrors [22].…”