The use of mineral interfaces in sand-sized volcanic rock fragments to infer mechanical durability

Pera, Emilia Le; Morrone, Consuele

doi:10.1186/s42501-020-00068-8

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…9) in the backshore and shoreface sands, probably because discontinuities within the plutoniclastic/gneissiclastic detritus, especially happening along no-isomineralic interfaces, control rock disaggregation (e.g. Heins 1995;Caracciolo et al 2012;Weltje et al 2018;Le Pera and Morrone 2020) through the mechanical disintegration by vigorous waves and currents of the Capo Suvero-Gizzeria Lido hydrodynamic regime. Variations in the proportion of specific grain types, detected between backshore and shoreface environments, indicate that changes occurred in the relative influence of fluvial input to marine sedimentation and in the longshore component of sediment movements (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoreline evolution and modern beach sand composition along a coastal stretch of the Tyrrhenian Sea, southern Italy

Morrone

Ietto

2021

J. Palaeogeogr.

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This contribution focuses on a multidisciplinary research showing the geomorphological evolution and the beach sand composition of the Tyrrhenian shoreline between Capo Suvero promontory and Gizzeria Lido village (Calabria, southern Italy). The aim of the geomorphological analysis was to reconstruct the evolutionary shoreline stages and the present-day sedimentary dynamics along approximately 6 km of coastline. The results show a general trend of beach nourishment during the period 1870–2019. In this period, the maximum shoreline accretion value was estimated equal to + 900 m with an average rate of + 6.5 m/yr. Moreover, although the general evolutionary trend is characterized by a remarkable accretion, the geomorphological analysis highlighted continuous modifications of the beaches including erosion processes. The continuous beach modifications occurred mainly between 1953 and 1983 and were caused mainly by human activity in the coastal areas and inside the hydrographic basins. The beach sand composition allowed an assessment of the mainland petrological sedimentary province and its dispersal pattern of the present coastal dynamics. Petrographic analysis of beach sands identified a lithic metamorphi-clastic petrofacies, characterized by abundant fine-grained schists and phyllites sourced from the crystalline terrains of the Coastal Range front and carried by the Savuto River. The sand is also composed of a mineral assemblage comparable to that of the Amato River provenance. In terms of framework detrital constituents of QFL (quartz:feldspars:aphanitic lithic fragments) and of essential extraclasts, such as granitoid:sedimentary:metamorphic phaneritic rock fragments (Rg:Rs:Rm), sand maturity changes moderately from backshore to shoreface, suggesting that transport processes had a little effect on sand maturity. Moreover, the modal composition suggests that the Capo Suvero promontory does not obstruct longshore sand transport from the north. Indeed, sands displaced by currents driven by storm-wave activity bypass this rocky headland.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoreline evolution and modern beach sand composition along a coastal stretch of the Tyrrhenian Sea, southern Italy

Morrone

Ietto

2021

J. Palaeogeogr.

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“…Although the sand generation potential of basalt is notably less than that of sandstone or granite (Garzanti et al 2019a(Garzanti et al , 2021a(Garzanti et al , 2021bLe Pera and Morrone 2020;Morrone et al 2020), mafic lava contains and sheds much more clinopyroxene than the few heavy minerals that quartzose sandstone contains and can thus supply. Therefore, wherever basaltic detritus mixes with recycled quartz, as in the Upper Zambezi, quartz still dominates among main framework grains but the tHM suite rapidly becomes clinopyroxene-dominated (Figs.…”

Section: Sand Generation In the Zambezi Catchmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Segmented Zambezi Sedimentary System from Source to Sink: 1. Sand Petrology and Heavy Minerals

Garzanti

Pastore

Resentini

et al. 2021

The Journal of Geology

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The Zambezi River rises at the center of southern Africa, flows across the low-relief Kalahari Plateau, meets Karoo basalt, plunges into Victoria Falls, follows along Karoo rifts, and pierces through Precambrian basement to eventually deliver its load onto the Mozambican passive margin. Reflecting its polyphase evolution, the river is subdivided into segments with different geological and geomorphological character, a subdivision finally fixed by man's construction of large reservoirs and faithfully testified by sharp changes in sediment composition. Pure quartzose sand recycled from Kalahari desert dunes in the uppermost tract is next progressively enriched in basaltic rock fragments and clinopyroxene. Sediment load is renewed first downstream of Lake Kariba and next downstream of Lake Cahora Bassa, documenting a stepwise decrease in quartz and durable heavy minerals. Composition becomes quartzofeldspathic in the lower tract, where most sediment is supplied by high-grade basements rejuvenated by the southward propagation of the East African rift. Feldspar abundance in Lower Zambezi sand has no equivalent among big rivers on Earth and far exceeds that in sediments of the northern delta, shelf, and slope, revealing that provenance signals from the upper reaches have ceased to be transmitted across the routing system after closure of the big dams. This high-resolution petrologic study of Zambezi sand allows us to critically reconsider several dogmas, such as the supposed increase of mineralogical "maturity" during long-distance fluvial transport, and forges a key to unlock the rich information stored in sedimentary archives, with the ultimate goal to accurately reconstruct the evolution of this mighty river flowing across changing African landscapes since the late Mesozoic. 3"A river or a drainage basin might best be considered to have a heritage rather than an origin.It is like an organic form, the product of a continuous evolutionary line through time."

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“…Besides the relative proportions of felsitic, microlitic and lathwork volcanic rock fragments, preferentially derived from rhyodacite, andesite and basalt, respectively (Affolter & Ingersoll, 2019; Dickinson, 1970; Le Pera & Morrone, 2020; Marsaglia & Ingersoll, 1992), the Cpx/Px ratio and the percentage and colour (ACI) of detrital amphibole (Andò et al., 2014) provide the most diagnostic tracers for longshore sediment dispersal. In the ca.…”

Section: The Knight’s Move: Transcontinental Transport Followed By Littoral Driftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcontinental retroarc sediment routing controlled by subduction geometry and climate change (Central and Southern Andes, Argentina)

et al. 2021

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Central Argentina from the Pampean flat-slab segment to northern Patagonia (27°-41°S) represents a classic example of a broken retroarc basin with strong tectonic and climatic control on fluvial sediment transport. Combined with previous research focused on coastal sediments, this actualistic provenance study uses framework petrography and heavy-mineral data to trace multistep dispersal of volcaniclastic detritus first eastwards across central Argentina for up to ca. 1,500 km and next northwards for another 760 km along the Atlantic coast. Although detritus generated in the Andes is largely derived from mesosilicic volcanic rocks of the cordillera, its compositional signatures reflect different tectono-stratigraphic levels of the orogen uplifted along strike in response to varying subduction geometry as well as different character and crystallization condition of arc magmas through time and space. River sand, thus, changes from feldspatho-litho-quartzose or litho-feldspatho-quartzose in the north, where sedimentary detritus is more common, to mostly quartzo-feldspatho-lithic in the centre and to feldspatho-lithic in the south, where volcanic detritus is dominant. The transparent-heavy-mineral suite changes markedly from amphibole ≫ clinopyroxene > orthopyroxene in the north, to amphibole ≈ clinopyroxene ≈ orthopyroxene in the centre and to orthopyroxene ≥ clinopyroxene ≫ amphibole in the south. In the presently dry climate, fluvial discharge is drastically reduced to the point that even the Desaguadero trunk river has become endorheic and orogenic detritus is dumped in the retroarc basin, reworked by winds and temporarily accumulated in dune fields. During the Quaternary, instead, much larger amounts of water were released by melting of the Cordilleran ice sheet or during pluvial events. The sediment-laden waters of the Desaguadero and Colorado rivers then rushed from the tract of the Andes with greatest topographic and structural elevation, fostering alluvial fans inland and flowing in much larger valleys than today towards the Atlantic Ocean. Sand and gravel supply to the coast was high

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The use of mineral interfaces in sand-sized volcanic rock fragments to infer mechanical durability

Cited by 17 publications

References 73 publications

Shoreline evolution and modern beach sand composition along a coastal stretch of the Tyrrhenian Sea, southern Italy

Shoreline evolution and modern beach sand composition along a coastal stretch of the Tyrrhenian Sea, southern Italy

The Segmented Zambezi Sedimentary System from Source to Sink: 1. Sand Petrology and Heavy Minerals

Transcontinental retroarc sediment routing controlled by subduction geometry and climate change (Central and Southern Andes, Argentina)

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