The use of membrane reactors for catalytic n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride with a butane-rich feed

Xue, E.; Ross, J.R.H.

doi:10.1016/s0920-5861(00)00350-3

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This also makes possible to use overall feed ratios that would be flammable, if the two reactants were fed together [119]. Parameters investigated were the pressure difference across the membrane and the ratio between hydrocarbon and oxygen [120]. Santamaria et al [121][122][123][124] studied mesoporous membranes made up of Al 2 O 3 tubes impregnated with silica sol or with bohemite to achieve the desired permeation flux of O 2 , while avoiding back-permeation of the hydrocarbon; the acidity of the membrane was reduced by impregnation with Li salt.…”

Section: Alternative Reactor Configurations For O 2 Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

VPO catalyst for n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride: A goal achieved, or a still open challenge?

et al. 2006

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A Partner of Concorde CA and of Idecat NoE, 6FP of the EU) b Lonza SpA, via E. Fermi 51, 24020 Scanzorosciate (BG), ItalyThis review describes recent findings in the oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride. The process is commercial since the 80's, but yet the yield is far from being optimised. Therefore, it represents an emblematic example of how several scientific disciplines, from solid-state science to reactor technology, can contribute to the improvement of the process performance.KEY WORDS: Vanadyl pyrophosphate; n-butane; selective oxidation; maleic anhydride 1. The oxidation of n-butane catalysed by VPO: How to improve process performance?The activation of light alkanes by high-temperature contact with a redox catalyst represents one way to transform these hydrocarbons to valuable chemicals (a few reviews and books dealing with this topic, published after 1998, are refs [1-18]). The most successful example is the oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride (MA), catalysed by a V/P/O-based catalyst (VPO), which starting from the 80's has been replacing in part the commercial synthesis from benzene. This reaction, and the unique chemical-physical properties of the vanadyl pyrophosphate (VO) 2 P 2 O 7 (VPP), the active and selective phase for this reaction, are amongst the most studied topics in catalysis during the latest decades, initially with the aim of understanding which catalyst peculiarities make this complex transformation possible, and later on with the aim of improving the process performance.MA finds its major use in the production of unsaturated polyesters and of butanediol. The yearly world consumption exceeds 1.3 · 10 6 metric tons [19]. Approximately 70% is produced by n-butane oxidation, the remaining still being obtained from benzene. There are several reactor technologies available, including fixed-bed (Scientific Design, Huntsman, BASF, Pantochim), fluidised-bed (Lonza, BP, Mitsubishi), and transported-bed (DuPont). Best process performances reported in patent literature range from 53 to 65% molar yield to MA [20][21][22][23][24][25], with a conversion of the hydrocarbon not higher than 85-86%. An excellent result of more than 70% yield is reported [26], which however refers to a recycle process. In lab reactors best yields reported are lower than 50%.The best performance for a fixed-bed reactor does not exceed 65% per-pass yield, while that in a fluidised-bed is typically somewhat lower; in fact, back-mixing phenomena are responsible for the consecutive combustion of MA. Moreover, with fluidised-bed operation n-butane-richer conditions can be used (up to 5 molar % in feed); under the latter conditions, a worsening of selectivity is expected, which however is compensated by a considerable improvement in MA productivity. In the fluidised-bed process developed by Lonza and Lummus (shown in figure 1), the loss of selectivity is also compensated by the higher amount of high-pressure steam produced, due to the more efficient removal of the reaction heat and to the more CO x produced.The maximu...

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Section: Alternative Reactor Configurations For O 2 Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

VPO catalyst for n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride: A goal achieved, or a still open challenge?

et al. 2006

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“…Even though, the obtained results were in fact quite similar with those of the conventional co-feed configuration, the authors pointed out, that the separated O2 feeding could be beneficial to avoid flammability problems. Nevertheless, employing non-permselective mesoporous ceramic membranes to distribute the oxygen allows an operation with higher n-butane concentrations leading to higher maleic anhydride yields [174,175]. Moreover, Mallada et al [174] reversed the butane flow in the inner volume of the membrane reactor in order to overcome the problem with observed heterogeneity of the oxidation state of the catalyst bed.…”

Section: Distributor Type Zeolite Membrane Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zeolite Membranes in Catalysis—From Separate Units to Particle Coatings

Dragomirova

Wohlrab

2015

Catalysts

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Literature on zeolite membranes in catalytic reactions is reviewed and categorized according to membrane location. From this perspective, the classification is as follows: (i) membranes spatially decoupled from the reaction zone; (ii) packed bed membrane reactors; (iii) catalytic membrane reactors and (iv) zeolite capsuled catalyst particles. Each of the resulting four chapters is subdivided by the kind of reactions performed. Over the whole sum of references, the advantage of zeolite membranes in catalytic reactions in terms of conversion, selectivity or yield is evident. Furthermore, zeolite membrane preparation, separation principles as well as basic considerations on membrane reactors are discussed.

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“…Based on this redox decoupling concept, reactors designed to separate the oxidation of reactant from the reoxidation of the catalyst [1] were proposed. Among them, recirculating solids riser reactor (RSR) [2][3][4] and catalytic membrane reactors (CMR) [5][6][7][8] were experimented. n-Butane oxidation to maleic anhydride using VPO catalysts was studied using both RSR and CMR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…n-Butane oxidation to maleic anhydride using VPO catalysts was studied using both RSR and CMR. Substantial increases of maleic anhydride yield were obtained which were due to the limited amount of co-fed O 2 in the RSR [2][3][4] and to staged distribution of O 2 in CMR [7,8]. A modified version of CMR is the catalytic dense membrane reactor (CDMR) in which the membrane itself is an oxygen ion conductor, that can convey the O 2-oxygen specie known to be responsible for selectivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Materials Science to Catalysis: Influence of the Coating of 2D- and 3D-Inserts on the Catalytic Behaviour of VOx/TiO2 in Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane

et al. 2011

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The chemistry of the coating of stainless steel plates and foams with VO x /TiO 2 catalyst to be utilised in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane is described. A primer layer of SiO 2 was first deposited by RPECVD, to anchor the active phase, to accommodate the difference of dilatation coefficient with steel and to act as a barrier against diffusion of poisonous steel elements. The coated VO x /TiO 2 foams were inserted in a tube that could also be loaded with VO x /TiO 2 powders to compare their catalytic performance. Preliminary results showed that the selectivity to propene was higher by 10% on silica-protected (ca. 5 lm thick) VO x /TiO 2 foam than in the absence of silica, and higher by more than 20% than VO x /TiO 2 powders at any conversion. The better performance was attributed to enhanced heat and mass transfers due to turbulent flow regime and to the high conduction of metallic foam. Hot spots which generate over-oxidation of propene were avoided. The choice of the substrate material, of which depend the mechanical and chemical properties of the active phase coating, and of the reactor configurations vs. the efficiency of heat and mass transfers was also commented.

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The use of membrane reactors for catalytic n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride with a butane-rich feed

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

VPO catalyst for n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride: A goal achieved, or a still open challenge?

VPO catalyst for n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride: A goal achieved, or a still open challenge?

Zeolite Membranes in Catalysis—From Separate Units to Particle Coatings

From Materials Science to Catalysis: Influence of the Coating of 2D- and 3D-Inserts on the Catalytic Behaviour of VOx/TiO2 in Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane

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