The Use of Medicines with Anticholinergic Effects in Older People: A Population Study in an Urban Area of Sweden

Fastbom, Johan; Claesson, Cecilia B.; Cornelius, Christel; Thorslund, Mats; Winblad, Bengt

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1995.tb07015.x

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…54(24) 39 (17) 54 (24) 26 (11) 24 (11) 9(4) 10(4) 4(2) 9(4) health by assessing it with a number of indicators such as individual diseases, comorbidity, and nutritional status. None of the variables modified the association of cognitive impairment with mortality.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptomatic depression was defined as the subjective report of often feeling lonely or often being in a low mood. The use of psychotropic drugs (neuroleptics, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and other sedatives) was ascertained through interviews and asking to see medicine bottles, prescriptions, and medicine lists (24). Medications were coded according to the Swedish version of the international World Health Organization classification (25).…”

Section: Study Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mortality in Nondemented Subjects with Cognitive Impairment: The Influence of Health-related Factors

Frisoni

Fratiglioni

Fastbom

et al. 1999

American Journal of Epidemiology

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Nondemented older subjects with cognitive impairment are at higher risk of death than are mentally intact persons. It is unknown whether the effect of cognitive impairment on mortality is independent or mediated by poorer health or other factors. To address this issue, the authors used a prospective population-based cohort study with 8 years of follow-up started in 1987 in the urban district of Kungsholmen, Stockholm, Sweden. Subjects were all 75- to 95-year-old subjects nondemented at baseline (n = 1,435). Data on cognition, health (mental and subjective health, physical diseases and comorbidity, nutritional status, and disability), and apolipoprotein E genotype were collected at baseline as was time of death at follow-up. Cognitive impairment was defined on the basis of age- and education-specific cutoffs on the Mini-Mental State Examination. When compared with cognitively unimpaired subjects (n = 1,210), those cognitively impaired (n = 225) had poorer health conditions, were more frequently apolipoprotein E epsilon4 carriers, and had greater mortality risk (hazard ratio = 1.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.5, 2.1). Neither health nor apolipoprotein E genotype accounted for the association of cognitive impairment with mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.3, 1.9). The functional and behavioral consequences associated with the progression of cognitive impairment may mediate the increased mortality risk.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality in Nondemented Subjects with Cognitive Impairment: The Influence of Health-related Factors

Frisoni

Fratiglioni

Fastbom

et al. 1999

American Journal of Epidemiology

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“…The DSM‐III‐R diagnostic criteria 29 were used for the clinical diagnosis of dementia 15,17 . The use of psychotropic drugs (neuroleptics, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and other sedatives) was assessed during the interview; medicine packages and drug prescription forms were inspected to verify this information 30 . Drug use was classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system 31…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morbidity and Comorbidity in Relation to Functional Status: A Community‐Based Study of the Oldest Old (90+ Years)

Strauss

Fratiglioni

Viitanen

et al. 2000

J American Geriatrics Society

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OBJECTIVES: To describe health and functional status in the oldest old; to explore the relationships of morbidity and functional status; and to verify whether this relationship was modified by gender. DESIGN AND SETTING: A community-based survey including all inhabitants aged 2 9 0 living in central Stockholm, Sweden. All participants were clinically examined by physicians, cognitively assessed by psychologists, and interviewed by nurses. Diagnoses were made according to the International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision (ICD-9), the DSM-111-R criteria for dementia, and Katz index of activities of daily living. PARTICIPANTS: Of the 698 subjects in the study population, 99 (14%) had died and 29 (4%) moved before examination. Of the remaining subjects, 502 (88.1%) were examined, and the refusal rate was 11.9%. MEASUREMENTS: Age-and gender-specific prevalence figures, and age-, gender-and education-adjusted odds ratios (OR) were used. RESULTS: Of 502 examined subjects, 19% had no disease and 73 % were functionally independent. Dementia was the most prevalent disease among women (42.2%), and cardioand cerebrovascular diseases were the most frequent among men (42.4%). Women had higher prevalences of dementia (adjusted OR = 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-3.7) and fractures and musculoskeletal diseases (adjusted OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.1-7.3), whereas men had a higher prevalence of malignancy (OR = 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.7). Women were more disabled than men independent of age, education, and number of diseases (adjusted OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.3). CONCLUSIONS: A great proportion of nonagenarians were functionally independent despite their advanced age. Further studies are needed to clarify the excess of disability among very old women.

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“…180,[184][185][186] Data from the SWEOLD surveys have been used in many different research papers. 148,[187][188][189][190][191] In relation to the main sociodemographic variables, the study population may be regarded as representative of the elderly population aged 77 years and older in Sweden. 145 In order to ensure this, SWEOLD includes institutionalized and cognitively impaired individuals, and proxy interviews.…”

Section: Strengthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient educational level and use of newly marketed drugs: a register-based study of over 600,000 older people

Haider

Johnell

Weitoft

et al. 2008

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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The Use of Medicines with Anticholinergic Effects in Older People: A Population Study in an Urban Area of Sweden

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Mortality in Nondemented Subjects with Cognitive Impairment: The Influence of Health-related Factors

Mortality in Nondemented Subjects with Cognitive Impairment: The Influence of Health-related Factors

Morbidity and Comorbidity in Relation to Functional Status: A Community‐Based Study of the Oldest Old (90+ Years)

Patient educational level and use of newly marketed drugs: a register-based study of over 600,000 older people

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