The use of maize, oat, barley and rye fibres as reinforcements in composites

Mamun, Abdullah Al; Heim, Hans-Peter; Błędzki, Andrzej K.

doi:10.1533/9781782421276.4.454

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…According to the literature reports, the thermal degradation of hemicellulose occurs in the temperature range of 150–315 °C, while the depolymerization of cellulose takes place between 275 and 400 °C. In turn, the decomposition of lignin covers a broad temperature range of 150–500 °C [ 40 , 41 , 57 ]. All composite samples showed a mass loss between 69.59% (triticale composite) and 76.67% (triticale-HDPE composite) upon reaching 500 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, biocomposites based on triticale straw and PLA were characterized by good properties, and due to their biodegradability of both PLA and triticale, they are more environmentally friendly than synthetics based on thermoplastics [ 40 ]. Moreover, the PP and rye-husk-based composites showed good performance compared to softwood composites, including better elongation at break and better Charpy impact strength [ 41 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Annual Plants and Thermoplastics in the Production of Polymer and Lignocellulose Boards

et al. 2023

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This study investigated the mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of three-layer particleboards produced from annual plant straws and three polymers: polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polylactic acid (PLA). The rape straw (Brassica napus L. var. Napus) was used as an internal layer, while rye (Secale L.) or triticale (Triticosecale Witt.) was applied as an external layer in the obtained particleboards. The boards were tested for their density, thickness swelling, static bending strength, modulus of elasticity, and thermal degradation characteristics. Moreover, the changes in the structure of composites were determined by infrared spectroscopy. Among the straw-based boards with the addition of tested polymers, satisfactory properties were obtained mainly using HDPE. In turn, the straw-based composites with PP were characterized by moderate properties, while PLA-containing boards did not show clearly favorable properties either in terms of the mechanical or physical features. The properties of straw–polymer boards produced based on triticale straw were slightly better than those of the rye-based boards, probably due to the geometry of the strands, which was more favorable for triticale straw. The obtained results indicated that annual plant fibers, mainly triticale, can be used as wood substitutes for the production of biocomposites. Moreover, the addition of polymers allows for the use of the obtained boards in conditions of increased humidity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Plants and Thermoplastics in the Production of Polymer and Lignocellulose Boards

et al. 2023

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“…Further, above 550 • C, the mass loss was negligible. The DTG curve for the extraction sludge displays several decomposition steps; the peak at 300 • C is more likely owing to the decomposition of hemicellulose [36]. The press mud and the vinasse powder showed an active pyrolysis zone in the range of 200-470 • C, where maximum weight loss occurred, while the passive pyrolysis zone was in the range of 450 • C-650 • C for the press mud sample and in a wider range for vinasse.…”

Section: Analysis Of Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of Press Mud, Vinasse Powder and Extraction Sludge with Ethanol in a Pyrolysis Process

et al. 2019

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The effluents of the sugar and bio-ethanol industry, mainly vinasse as well as lignocellulosic waste, are produced in high volumes. Therefore, their treatment and valorization would reduce the environmental impact and make this industry more productive and competitive. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential use of press mud (lignocellulosic waste), vinasse powder, and vinasse sludge from an extraction process with ethanol, as raw materials for conventional pyrolysis evaluating the physicochemical characteristics that affect this thermochemical process, such as calorific power, density, ash content, volatile material, moisture and nitrogen, sulfur, carbon and hydrogen content, thermogravimetric profile, and quantification of lignin cellulose and hemicellulose. The batch pyrolysis experiments showed that all three wastes could be converted successfully into more valuable products. The powder vinasse led to the formation of the lowest content of bio-char (42.7%), the highest production of volatiles (61.6 wt.%), and the lowest ash content (20.5 wt.%). Besides, it showed the high heating value of 15.63 MJ/kg. Meanwhile, the extraction sludge presented the highest liquid yield (32%) with the lowest gas formation (18.2 wt.%) and the lowest heating value of 8.57 MJ/kg. Thus, the sludge could be a good feedstock for production of bio-oil and bio-char.

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“…In view of the above, the properties of different components of CSF have been studied, which can be used as reinforcing fiber to form new composite materials with PLA. It can not only improve the disadvantages of PLA in terms of poor mechanical properties and high cost, but also improve the utilization value of CSF more efficiently, making it widely used in food packaging, construction materials and furniture [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites Prepared from Different Components of Corn Straw Fiber

Wang

Sun

et al. 2022

IJMS

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In recent years, under the pressure of resource shortage and white pollution, the development and utilization of biodegradable wood-plastic composites (WPC) has become one of the hot spots for scholars’ research. Here, corn straw fiber (CSF) was chosen to reinforce a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix with a mass ratio of 3:7, and the CSF/PLA composites were obtained by melt mixing. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the corn straw fiber core (CSFC) and corn straw fiber skin (CSFS) loaded PLA composites were stronger than those of the CSFS/PLA composites when the particle size of CSF was low. The tensile strength and bending strength of CSFS/CSFC/PLA are 54.08 MPa and 87.24 MPa, respectively, and the elongation at break is 4.60%. After soaking for 8 hours, the water absorption of CSF/PLA composite reached saturation. When the particle size of CSF is above 80 mesh, the saturated water absorption of the material is kept below 7%, and CSF/PLA composite has good hydrophobicity, which is mainly related to the interfacial compatibility between PLA and CSF. By observing the microstructure of the cross section of the CSF/PLA composite, the research found that the smaller the particle size of CSF, the smoother the cross section of the composite and the more unified the dispersion of CSF in PLA. Therefore, exploring the composites formed by different components of CSF and PLA can not only expand the application range of PLA, but also enhance the application value of CSF in the field of composites.

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The use of maize, oat, barley and rye fibres as reinforcements in composites

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Annual Plants and Thermoplastics in the Production of Polymer and Lignocellulose Boards

Annual Plants and Thermoplastics in the Production of Polymer and Lignocellulose Boards

Evaluation of Press Mud, Vinasse Powder and Extraction Sludge with Ethanol in a Pyrolysis Process

Comparison of Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites Prepared from Different Components of Corn Straw Fiber

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