The Use of Magnesium Sulphate as a Local Application in Inflammation of the Conjunctiva and Cornea

Kirkpatrick, H. J. R.

doi:10.1136/bjo.4.6.281

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Magnesium, presented mainly in cornea, lens, retina, vitreous body, and anterior chamber in the eyes, is essential for the lens to maintain integrity of its structure and normal function ( Agarwal et al., 2012 ; Li et al., 2018a ). A high level of Mg 2+ exists in photoreceptors in the lens, even in the axial regions ( Kirkpatrick, 1920 ). The consequences of imbalance in magnesium homeostasis may influence the cellular and molecular functions and may form the basis of some pathological conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MR-PheWAS for the causal effects of serum magnesium on multiple disease outcomes in Caucasian descent

Yang

Huang

et al. 2021

iScience

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Magnesium is integral to many physiological processes, whereas variations in its levels, even within the normal range, can have critical implications for health. To explore the broad clinical effects of varying serum magnesium levels, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization and phenome-wide association study (MR-PheWAS) in the UK Biobank cohort. In total, MR-PheWAS analysis implicated a causal role of serum magnesium levels in five disease groups and six disease outcomes. In addition, our study indicated the gender-specific effects of nine disease groups/outcomes in MR estimated effects. The protein-protein interaction network demonstrated an interaction between the serum magnesium-associated gene DCDC1 and the cataract-associated gene PAX6. The present study verified several previously reported disease outcomes and identified novel potential disease outcomes for serum magnesium levels. The DCDC1 gene and the PAX6 gene may be the new targets for promoting the treatments of cataracts using magnesium intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MR-PheWAS for the causal effects of serum magnesium on multiple disease outcomes in Caucasian descent

Yang

Huang

et al. 2021

iScience

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“…Within the eye, magnesium is present in high concentrations within the cornea, lens, retina and the anterior chamber ( 12 ). In the cornea, magnesium is shown to be essential in preventing dry eye disease and infection ( 44 ) and acts as a neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic agent by reducing nitric oxide synthase and the induction of calcium channels in RGCs ( 15 , 45 , 46 ). Furthermore, as TM cells are highly metabolic and can possess a smooth muscle phenotype, the cells express several known transporters that are known to mediate the tissues contractility by enhancing intracellular calcium stores, hence mediating fluid outflow ( 47 , 48 ).…”

Section: Magnesium and Its Role Within The Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium and Its Role in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma; A Novel Therapeutic?

Elghobashy

Lamont²,

Morelli-Batters³

et al. 2022

Front. Ophthalmol.

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Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally, with Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) being the commonest subtype. POAG is characterized by an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), leading to optic nerve damage and subsequent visual field defects. Despite the clinical burden this disease poses, current therapies aim to reduce IOP rather than targeting the underling pathogenesis. Although the pathogenesis of POAG is complex, the culprit for this increase in IOP resides in the aqueous humour (AH) outflow pathway; the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm’s canal. Dysfunction in these tissues is due to inherent mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium influx sensitivity, increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, TGFβ-2 induction, leading to a sustained inflammatory response. Magnesium is the second most common intracellular cation, and is a major co-factor in over 300 reactions, being highly conserved within energy-dependent organelles such as the mitochondria. Magnesium deficiency has been observed in POAG and is linked to inflammatory and fibrotic responses, as well as increased oxidative stress (OS). Magnesium supplementation been shown to reduce cellular ROS, alleviate mitochondrial dysregulation and has further antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties within ocular tissues, and other soft tissues prone to fibrosis, suggesting that magnesium can improve visual fields in patients with POAG. The link between magnesium deficiency and glaucoma pathogenesis as well as the potential role of magnesium supplementation in the management of patients with POAG will be explored within this review.

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“…Additionally, in experimental rats Mg deprivation during developmental phase may cause multifocal necrosis and myelination disorders in the optic nerve [ 30 ]. Furthermore, Mg might be necessary for maintenance of healthy ocular surface in the prevention of infections and dryness and in inflammatory conditions of conjunctiva and cornea local application of Mg sulphate has shown some benefits [ 31 ]. Additionally, in Mg deficient rats decreased microvilli in corneal epithelial cells and apoptosis-like nuclear changes in corneal epithelial and endothelial cells were observed [ 32 ].…”

Section: Magnesium Deficiency and The Impact On Ocular Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Magnesium in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Glaucoma

Ekici

Korkmaz

Karaca

et al. 2014

International Scholarly Research Notices

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Glaucoma is characterized by chronic optic neuropathy resulting in progressive vision loss. Not only is glaucoma considered as a condition of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), but also other risk factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Vascular dysregulation in ocular blood flow and oxidative stress are currently suggested as important risk factors for glaucomatous retinal ganglion cell loss. New treatment modalities that improve ocular blood flow and reduce oxidative stress have been investigated in many studies. Magnesium (Mg) is thought to be one of the molecules that has a treatment potential in glaucoma. Mg has been shown to improve blood flow by modifying endothelial function via endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) pathways. Mg also exhibits neuroprotective role by blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-related calcium influx and by inhibiting the release of glutamate, and hence protects the cell against oxidative stress and apoptosis. Both improvement in ocular blood flow and prevention of ganglion cell loss would make magnesium a good candidate for glaucoma management. Further studies on the effect of Mg may open a new therapeutic era in glaucoma.

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The Use of Magnesium Sulphate as a Local Application in Inflammation of the Conjunctiva and Cornea

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

MR-PheWAS for the causal effects of serum magnesium on multiple disease outcomes in Caucasian descent

MR-PheWAS for the causal effects of serum magnesium on multiple disease outcomes in Caucasian descent

Magnesium and Its Role in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma; A Novel Therapeutic?

The Role of Magnesium in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Glaucoma

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