The Use of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone in Pediatric Patients

Job, J C; Chaussain, Jean‐Louis; Gamier, Philippe E.

doi:10.1159/000178795

Cited by 43 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Additionally, EE (RIA, Biodata Diagnostics), testosterone (RIA, Biodata Diagnostics), and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I; RIA, Nichols) were ascertained to provide information about the gonadal and hypophyseal axes (7). In addition, the ratio of LH to FSH (LH/ FSH) after 30 min was used to further grade the prepubertal (LH/FSH Ͻ 1) and pubertal (LH/FSH Ն 1) stage (22).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-related differences in elite gymnasts: the female athlete triad

Weimann

2002

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Weimann, Edda. Gender-related differences in elite gymnasts: the female athlete triad. J Appl Physiol 92: 2146-2152, 2002; 10.1152/japplphysiol.00572.2001.-High-intensity training can alter the normal pattern of pubertal development in elite gymnasts. We investigated sex hormones, the ob gene product leptin, body composition, nutrition, and eating habits in female and male elite gymnasts from national cadres to elucidate gender-related differences. Serum leptin levels were decreased, particularly in pubertal girls, and did not show the normal developmental pattern. After leptin levels were transformed into standard deviation scores, mainly pubertal female gymnasts had significantly lower values than normal controls of the same gender, pubertal stage, and body mass index. The percentage of body fat was reduced compared with a normal age-matched population in both genders but to a higher degree in female gymnasts. When leptin standard deviation scores were based on percent body fat instead of body mass index, mean values were still significantly decreased compared with those of normal controls: Ϫ1.05 in girls (P Ͻ 0.001) and Ϫ0.60 in boys (P ϭ 0.025). In both genders, total energy consumption and nutritional intake were insufficient, although to a lesser extent in male gymnasts. Pubertal development is influenced to a different degree in female and male elite gymnasts. In contrast to their male counterparts, high-intensity training takes place during the sensitive phase of pubertal maturation in female gymnasts. Whereas the girls displayed low estrogen levels, hypoleptinemia, reduced body fat mass, insufficient caloric intake, and retarded menarche, the pubertal development of male gymnasts remained almost unaltered. puberty; gymnastics; leptin; body composition HIGH-INTENSITY TRAINING DISPLAYS gender-related differences in athletes. In addition, the influence of endurance training on pubertal and physical development varies greatly, depending on the nature of sports. Mild hyperandrogenism can occur in female world-class swimmers (47), whereas highly trained female longdistance runners tend to develop cycle abnormalities (8). In male long-distance runners, testosterone levels, libido, and reproductive function are decreased (13,29). When growth development of female gymnasts and swimmers is compared, gymnasts present lower growth velocity and a marked stunting of leg-length growth, and they fail to reach full familial height (43).Even metabolism differs between female and male top athletes. Because of higher estrogen concentrations, the oxidation of amino acids and carbohydrate is lower during endurance training in girls, whereas there is a higher proportion of lipid oxidation (41). In ultra-endurance exercise, such as the Ironman triathlon, estradiol (EE) was 58% increased and testosterone was 58% decreased in men postrace, whereas no significant changes were noted for these hormones in women (20).Practitioners of sport disciplines in which a thin body is required for better performance are at risk for developin...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-related differences in elite gymnasts: the female athlete triad

Weimann

2002

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…After the injection of LH-RH, plasma LH increased from 3.6-to 3.7-fold and plasma FSH from 2.0-to 3.3-fold, compared with the levels before the injection in the normal prepubertal boys [3, 51. In cryptorchid prepubertal boys, a significant decrease of LH response to LH-RH has been found, while FSH response was normal [7]. However, these data do not agree completely with those found in other clinics [2, 91.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Gonadal Function and Testicular Histology in Noonan's Syndrome with Bilateral Cryptorchidism

Sasagawa

Nakada

Kubota

et al. 1994

Archives of Andrology

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“…In boys and adult men, there is a progressive augmentation of LH and FSH response to escalating doses of GnRH from <1 to 250 µg [1, 10, 20, 23, 24]. A dose of 10 µg elicits LH and FSH increments of approximately 33 and 40%, respectively, of the maximal response to the 250-µg dose [23]and has been used to study gonadotroph responsiveness, as opposed to maximal secretory capacity, in adult men [15, 16, 17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various GnRH doses have been used in published studies on children [1, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. The most widely used dose is 100 µg or 100 µg/m 2 which assesses maximum secretory capacity of the pituitary gonadotrophs [1, 10, 12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic Utility of a Low-Dose Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Test in the Context of Puberty Disorders

Zevenhuijzen

Kelnar²,

Crofton³

2004

Horm Res Paediatr

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Objectives: The 10-µg gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test assesses pituitary gonadotroph responsiveness, whereas the 100-µg dose assesses maximal secretory capacity. Our aims were to establish normative data for the low-dose test in children and to evaluate the test in diagnosing common pubertal disorders. Methods: We retrospectively classified 107 children who underwent 10-µg GnRH tests into normal prepubertal (20 boys, 10 girls), normal early pubertal (10 boys, 16 girls), constitutional delay of puberty (CDP, 13 prepubertal boys >12 years), hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH, 5 prepubertal boys >12 years), central precocious puberty (CPP, 19 girls) or premature thelarche/variant (13 girls). Results: Peak LH response was higher in prepubertal boys >12 years compared with younger boys (p < 0.01) but showed no further change in early puberty. CDP boys had LH responses similar to prepubertal boys >12 years. HH boys showed an absent LH response which diagnosed HH with 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity. Thelarche girls had LH:FSH peak ratios lower than normal prepubertal (p = 0.001), pubertal (p < 0.05) or CPP (p = 0.001) girls. Conclusions: We have established normative values for the low-dose GnRH test in children. The test successfully differentiated HH from CDP in boys, and contributed to the differential diagnosis of CPP and premature thelarche in girls.

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The Use of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone in Pediatric Patients

Cited by 43 publications

References 28 publications

Gender-related differences in elite gymnasts: the female athlete triad

Gender-related differences in elite gymnasts: the female athlete triad

Gonadal Function and Testicular Histology in Noonan's Syndrome with Bilateral Cryptorchidism

Diagnostic Utility of a Low-Dose Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Test in the Context of Puberty Disorders

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