The use of lingual venous blood to determine the acid–base and blood–gas status of dogs under anesthesia

Thymoma removal in a cat with acquired myasthenia gravis: a case report and literature review of anesthetic techniques

“…Venous blood gas analysis was used to assess ventilation status, as it has been shown to correlate with arterial blood gases in humans and dogs, and thus provide clinically acceptable substitutes of arterial samples in hemodynamically stable animals (Chu et al. 2003; Pang et al. 2009; Treger et al.…”

“…During the night, decreased oxygenation (Hb saturation, measured by pulse oximetry, was 95-100% at inspired oxygen fraction of 0.30-0.60, and decreased to 82-88% at 0.21) and hypoventilation Anesthesia for a myasthenic cat Y Shilo et al (venous CO 2 partial pressures, PvCO 2 , of 47-97 mmHg) were observed. Venous blood gas analysis was used to assess ventilation status, as it has been shown to correlate with arterial blood gases in humans and dogs, and thus provide clinically acceptable substitutes of arterial samples in hemodynamically stable animals (Chu et al 2003;Pang et al 2009;Treger et al 2010). When the PvCO 2 reached 97 mmHg (end-tidal CO 2 62 mmHg), the depth of anesthesia was deemed excessively deep.…”

Clinical use of plasma lactate concentration. Part 1: Physiology, pathophysiology, and measurement

“…The gradient between sample sites can significantly increase in the face of hypoperfusion . In healthy dogs, small but statistically significant differences were found between samples from the cephalic vein, jugular vein, and femoral artery, while no significant difference was noted between samples obtained from the jugular vein, lingual vein, and dorsal pedal artery . In contrast, in a convenience sample of dogs referred to a university veterinary hospital, the association between jugular venous and capillary (pinnal) lactate was poor .…”

“…[359][360][361][362][363][364][365] In healthy dogs, small but statistically significant differences were found between samples from the cephalic vein, jugular vein, and femoral artery, 366 while no significant difference was noted between samples obtained from the jugular vein, lingual vein, and dorsal pedal artery. 367 In contrast, in a convenience sample of dogs referred to a university veterinary hospital, the association between jugular venous and capillary (pinnal) lactate was poor. 368 Samples from the medial saphenous and jugular veins have been shown to be comparable in healthy cats.…”

The state of systemic circulation, collapsed or preserved defines the need for hyperoxic or normoxic resuscitation in neonatal mice with hypoxia–ischemia

“…Mixed arterial and venous blood samples were obtained from the neck stump in HI animals (n = 5) and naïve littermates (n = 5) immediately upon removal from the hypoxic chamber (before reperfusion could occur). It has been shown, that there are only minimal differences between venous and arterial blood samples in pH, Base Excess and pCO 2 values [9]…”