The Use of Intracerebral Microdialysis to Elucidate Environmentally Induced Neurotoxic Mechanisms

Lasley, Stephen M.

doi:10.1002/cptx.72

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 56 publications

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“…Concentrations of individual endogenous and exogenous compounds differ between the individual compartments [ 12 , 13 ]. Moreover, the ECF of the brain and spinal cord is not a homogeneous compartment [ 14 ], and the composition of the ICF in the different intracellular compartments of the various cell types depends not only on the cell type, but also on the location of the cell in the CNS [ 15 ]. With methods established in clinical medicine [CSF analysis, computer tomographic (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), in critically ill patients also microdialysis] spatial and temporal variations of the concentrations of endogenous and exogenous compounds are only partly detectable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variation of routine parameters: pitfalls in the cerebrospinal fluid analysis in central nervous system infections

Djukic

Lange

Erbguth

et al. 2022

J Neuroinflammation

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The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space is convoluted. CSF flow oscillates with a net flow from the ventricles towards the cerebral and spinal subarachnoid space. This flow is influenced by heartbeats, breath, head or body movements as well as the activity of the ciliated epithelium of the plexus and ventricular ependyma. The shape of the CSF space and the CSF flow preclude rapid equilibration of cells, proteins and smaller compounds between the different parts of the compartment. In this review including reinterpretation of previously published data we illustrate, how anatomical and (patho)physiological conditions can influence routine CSF analysis. Equilibration of the components of the CSF depends on the size of the molecule or particle, e.g., lactate is distributed in the CSF more homogeneously than proteins or cells. The concentrations of blood-derived compounds usually increase from the ventricles to the lumbar CSF space, whereas the concentrations of brain-derived compounds usually decrease. Under special conditions, in particular when distribution is impaired, the rostro-caudal gradient of blood-derived compounds can be reversed. In the last century, several researchers attempted to define typical CSF findings for the diagnosis of several inflammatory diseases based on routine parameters. Because of the high spatial and temporal variations, findings considered typical of certain CNS diseases often are absent in parts of or even in the entire CSF compartment. In CNS infections, identification of the pathogen by culture, antigen detection or molecular methods is essential for diagnosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variation of routine parameters: pitfalls in the cerebrospinal fluid analysis in central nervous system infections

Djukic

Lange

Erbguth

et al. 2022

J Neuroinflammation

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Evaluation of the potential role of glutamatergic, cholinergic, and nitrergic systems in the dopamine release induced by the pesticide glyphosate in rat striatum

Costas‐Ferreira,

Durán,

Faro

2024

J of Applied Toxicology

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Glyphosate (GLY) is a pesticide that severely alters nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotransmission, inducing great increases in dopamine release from rat dorsal striatum. This GLY‐induced striatal dopamine overflow occurs through mechanisms not yet fully understood, hence the interest in evaluating the role of other neurotransmitter systems in such effects. So, the main objective of this mechanistic study was to evaluate the possible mediation of the glutamatergic, cholinergic, and nitrergic systems in the GLY‐induced in vivo dopamine release from rat dorsal striatum. The extracellular dopamine levels were measured by cerebral microdialysis and HPLC with electrochemical detection. Intrastriatal administration of GLY (5 mmol/L) significantly increased the dopamine release (1102%). Pretreatment with MK‐801 (50 or 400 μmol/L), a non‐competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors, significantly decreased the effect of GLY (by 70% and 74%, respectively), whereas AP‐5 (400 μmol/L), a competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors, or CNQX (500 μmol/L), an AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, had no significant effect. Administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, L‐nitroarginine (L‐NAME, 100 μmol/L) or 7‐nitroindazole (7‐NI, 100 μmol/L), also did not alter the effect of GLY on dopamine release. Finally, pretreatment of the animals with mecamylamine, an antagonist of nicotinic receptors, decreased the effect of GLY on dopamine release by 49%, whereas atropine, a muscarinic antagonist, had no significant effect. These results indicate that GLY‐induced dopamine release largely depends on the activation of NMDA and nicotinic receptors in rat dorsal striatum. Future research is needed to determine the effects of this pesticide at environmentally relevant concentrations.

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Silane-Functionalized MXene-PEGDA Hydrogel for Enhanced Electrochemical Sensing of Neurotransmitters and Antioxidants

Mun,

Yang,

Moon

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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The unique characteristics of 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes), including their hydrophilicity, metallic conductivity, mechanical robustness, and adaptable structure, position them as promising candidates for integration into hydrogel systems. This study introduces an advanced combination of MXenes and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) to create a composite hydrogel capable of electrochemically detecting neurotransmitters and antioxidants simultaneously, addressing the crucial interplay between oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases. The MXene synthesis involves a mild etching route, followed by functionalization with silane molecules to enhance the activity and stability within the PEGDA hydrogel matrix. The resulting composite hydrogel, enriched with modified MXene and fortified with CaCl2 for ionic cross-linking, develops a three-dimensional structure that markedly enhances the electro-oxidation of dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA), and serotonin (5-HT). Furthermore, the composite hydrogel exhibits outstanding stability against oxidation, surpassing that of its thin-film counterparts. The composite-hydrogel-based electrochemical sensor demonstrates a wide linear detection range of 2.5–200 μM for DA, 10–100 μM for UA, and 1–100 μM for 5-HT, with detection limits of 2.55 μM for DA, 25.11 μM for UA, and 0.83 μM for 5-HT. Importantly, this sensor enables the simultaneous detection of these multiple molecules. This study suggests the potential for neurotransmitter and antioxidant detection in human serum, marking a significant advancement in real-world sensing applications. By integrating MXenes into hydrogel systems, we enhanced the robustness and performance of the electrochemical sensors, highlighting their potential for developing this sensor for future in vivo applications.

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The Use of Intracerebral Microdialysis to Elucidate Environmentally Induced Neurotoxic Mechanisms

Cited by 4 publications

References 56 publications

Spatial and temporal variation of routine parameters: pitfalls in the cerebrospinal fluid analysis in central nervous system infections

Spatial and temporal variation of routine parameters: pitfalls in the cerebrospinal fluid analysis in central nervous system infections

Evaluation of the potential role of glutamatergic, cholinergic, and nitrergic systems in the dopamine release induced by the pesticide glyphosate in rat striatum

Silane-Functionalized MXene-PEGDA Hydrogel for Enhanced Electrochemical Sensing of Neurotransmitters and Antioxidants

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