The Use of Interactions in Dual Cultures in vitro to Evaluate the Pathogenicity of Fungi and Susceptibility of Host Plant Genotypes

Nawrot-Chorabik, Katarzyna

doi:10.5772/53214

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Chong et al 42 suggested that damages in cell membranes during the first days after elicitation of Morinda elliptica cell cultures with MeJA would trigger the biosynthesis of antioxidant enzymes, therefore inducing a subsequent decrease in MDA. Experiments using dual cultures have shown that the stimulation or inhibition of mycelium growth in these conditions could give useful information about plant susceptibility [43][44][45] , and therefore could be used to select efficient elicitation treatments 36,42 . In our study, elicited holm oak somatic embryos did not inhibit Phytophthora cinnamomi mycelium growth in dual culture tests, being the plates with somatic embryos elicited with PFE-50, 50 µM BTH, 5, 10 or 50 µM MeJA and 5 µM PABA those showing ratios higher than 1 between growth towards control and growth towards elicited material at the end of the experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of elicitors on holm oak somatic embryo development and efficacy inducing tolerance to Phytophthora cinnamomi

Morcillo

Sales

Ponce

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Holm oak trees (Quercus ilex L.) mortality is increasing worryingly in the Mediterranean area in the last years. To a large degree this mortality is caused by the oomycete Phytophthora spp., which is responsible for forest decline and dieback in evergreen oak forest areas of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula. This study is based on the possibility of applying chemical elicitors or filtered oomycete extracts to holm oak somatic embryos (SE) in order to induce epigenetic memory, priming, that may increase tolerance to the pathogen in future infections. To this end, we first examined the effect of priming treatments on SE development and its oxidative stress state, to avoid elicitors that may cause damage to embryogenic tissues. Both, the sterile oomycete extracts and the chemical elicitor methyl jasmonate (MeJA) did not produce any detrimental effect on SE growth and development, unlike the elicitors benzothiadiazole (BTH) and p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) that reduced the relative weight gain and resulted in necrotic and deformed SE when were applied at high concentrations (25 µM BTH or 50 µM PABA) in accordance with their high malondialdehyde content. No significant differences among elicitation treatments were found in dual culture bioassays, although those SEs elicited with 50 µM MeJA increased H2O2 production after challenged against active oomycete indicating the activation of stress response. Since this elicitation treatment did not produce any adverse effect in the embryogenic process we suggest that could be used in further priming experiments to produce holm oak plants adapted to biotic stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of elicitors on holm oak somatic embryo development and efficacy inducing tolerance to Phytophthora cinnamomi

Morcillo

Sales

Ponce

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…To date, the experiments with callus showed that the use of dual systems can demonstrate the specificity of given fungal species towards a particular plant tissue or organ, more effectively than other methods (Spanos and Woodward ; Spanos et al. ; Nawrot‐Chorabik , ). At the same time, it has been found that in the case of forest fungi, this method can be appropriate because it provides a model of cell division analogous to that occurring in the cambium of trees (Hendry et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between callus cultures of Pinus sylvestris and pine fungi with different trophic properties

2015

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Fungal virulence may be studied using tissues cultures of host plants in dual cultures in vitro, enabling analyses of interactions with undifferentiated cells of their host plants. Three genotypes of Pinus sylvestris callus, initiated by somatic embryogenesis, were used for establishing dual cultures with fungi pathogenic, endophytic or saprotrophic on pine needles or shoots. Fungal growth towards the plant callus tissue differed, depending on the life strategy of the fungus. The pathogen Gremmeniella abietina proved the slowest colonizer of callus whereas the saprotrophic Phacidium lacerum was the fastest. Gremmeniella abietina partially overgrew the callus, causing extensive necrosis and death within 10 days after inoculation. Anthostomella formosa, an endophyte of pines, did not cause evident symptoms of callus degradation: after 10 days of dual culture, the callus cells remained greenish and at least 50% of cells were alive. In dual cultures Ph. lacerum, callus remained alive until the end of the experiment, maintaining a white-creamy colour with a loose cell structure. Electrophoresis of protein extracts from the callus showed the presence of additional bands of 25-35 kDa only in host tissues challenged with the pathogen G. abietina, possibly indicating the production of pathogenesis-related proteins. This work has shown that pine callus does not respond equally to challenge with different fungal isolates. In general, one-third of the isolates of each fungus examined showed greater virulence compared to other isolates.

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“…Therefore, when continuing this study in the future, it would be interesting to decipher the molecular basis of differences between host plants by using multiple Heterobasidion strains. Transcript profiling hallmark defence genes (e.g., Karlsson et al 2007) and biochemical analyses of immune proteins, which function as transcription factors with DNA, should be useful in this study (Nawrot-Chorabik 2013). Due to the fact that different strains of one fungal species may vary in virulence, further proceedings in dual cultures involving Heterobasidion fungi may consolidate and expand our knowledge on this subject and make a valuable contribution to this field of research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between embryogenic callus of Abies alba and Heterobasidion spp. in dual cultures

Nawrot-Chorabik¹

2014

Biol. plant.

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Interactions between three genotypes of a silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) embryogenic callus and Heterobasidion abietinum, H. parviporum, and H. annosum were examined in dual cultures. The aim of this study was to determine whether dual cultures can be used to evaluate the degree of fungal virulence at an embryogenic level, and whether different genotypes of a callus show different susceptibility. The dual cultures were performed on Schenk and Hildebrandt medium. Mycelial growth of H. parviporum and H. annosum was significantly stimulated in the presence of the callus but was not directional in nature. The embryogenic callus died between six and nine days after being colonized by H. parviporum suggesting that this was the most virulent species. By contrast, the callus remained healthy for up to 50 d after colonization with H. abietinum suggesting that this was the least virulent species. The callus of the A. alba genotype which originated in the mountain region of Poland remained healthy and alive for a significantly longer period than the other two genotypes in the dual cultures with all three Heterobasidion species even though overgrown by mycelium suggesting that the mountain genotype had the strongest defence response to Heterobasidion infection.

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The Use of Interactions in Dual Cultures in vitro to Evaluate the Pathogenicity of Fungi and Susceptibility of Host Plant Genotypes

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Effect of elicitors on holm oak somatic embryo development and efficacy inducing tolerance to Phytophthora cinnamomi

Effect of elicitors on holm oak somatic embryo development and efficacy inducing tolerance to Phytophthora cinnamomi

Interactions between callus cultures of Pinus sylvestris and pine fungi with different trophic properties

Interactions between embryogenic callus of Abies alba and Heterobasidion spp. in dual cultures

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