The Use of Industrial Waste for the Bioremediation of Water Used in Industrial Processes

Abstract

Recently the interest in the remediation of liquid effluents from industries such as paint manufacturing, leather tanning, etc. has increased, because the quality of the water used in these processes is highly compromised and is generally discarded without any process of purification, causing an inadequate use of water and contributing to the hydric stress of the planet. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternatives for the remediation of water used in industrial processes; one of the methods that has been widely accepted given its high efficiency, low cost, and versatility compared to others is the bioadsorption using materials derived from various processes used for the elimination of metals such as Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, etc. from liquid effluents. Among the materials used for this purpose are rice husk, orange, and wheat as well as apatite (hydroxyapatite and brushite), derived from animal bones, which have shown good capacity (>90%) to adsorb metals from aqueous solutions. Through the characterization by DRX, FTIR, and SEM, of the brushite and studies in equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption, it has been demonstrated that this material has a good capacity to remove metals present in water.

Bioadsorption of methyl orange and methylene blue contained in water using as bioadsorbent natural brushite (nDCPD)

“…122965-43-9), Figure 1a (MB, λmax = 662 nm) and methyl orange (Sigma Aldrich, CAS: 547-58-0), figure 1b (MO, λmax = 463 nm) dyes were used without any additional purification (Tamimi, Sheikh, & Barralet, 2012;Farroq, Kozinski, Khan, & Athar, 2010;Hernández-Soto, Hernández, Ardila-Arias, Salazar-Hernández, & Salazar-Hernandez, 2019).…”

“…Subsequently, the bones were crushed and sifted to obtain a particle size of 150 mesh (104 μm). The powder was treated with a solution of HCl (Baker, 35 %) and NaOH (Baker, 98 %), both at 10 -2 M. It was eventually stored until use (Tamimi et al, 2012;Hernández-Soto et al, 2019).…”

“…Fourier's Transform infrared (FTIR) studies of samples were performed in an IR spectrophotometer (Nicolet iS10 Thermo Scientific), in a range of 4 000 to 400 cm -1 (Hernández-Soto et al, 2019). The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images were obtained in a JOEL (6510 plus ).…”

“…Different isotherm models were used to describe the adsorption of MB and MO proceeded as follows: 0.05 g of bioadsorbent was contacted with 50 mL of MO solution varying the concentration between 0 to 50 ppm and for MB the concentration variation was 0 to 40 mg/l, in a shaker (ZHWY- Hernández-Soto et al, 2019).…”

“…where qe is the adsorption capacity (mg/g); Ce is the dye concentration used (mg/l); qm is the maximum adsorbed capacity (mg/g); KS is the slaving sips model constant related to adsorption energy; β is the dimensional parameter of the SIPS; nRP (0 < n < 1); KR (mg/g (l/mg)), and aR are the constants of the R-P model; KL is the constant of the Langmuir model that is related to the separation factor (RL); A and B are constant from the Temkin model; KF is the Freundlich constant related to adsorption capacity and 1/n indicates adsorption energy; Temkin: A (l/mg), B (kJ/mol); KDR (mol/J) 2 is the speed constant, and Ɛ (J/mol) is the parameter of the DR model ( = (1 + 1 )). The regression coefficient was calculated to evaluate the fit of each nonlinear model and the separation factor, RL, which allows predicting the affinity between the bioadsorbent and adsorbate, using Equation (1) (Tamimi et al, 2012;Farroq et al, 2010;Hernández-Soto et al, 2019):…”