The Use of In‐line Quantitative Analysis to Follow Polymer Processing

Canevarolo, Sebastião V.; Bertolino, Marcelo K.; Pinheiro, Luís Antônio; Palermo, Vincenzo; Piccarolo, S.

doi:10.1002/masy.200950529

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Mean residence time as a function of screw speed, feeding rate and number of kneading elements RTD curves have a trend close to a pulse function [16,17] . From them the mean residence time t n values were calculated and are shown in Table 2 done in duplicated, after 54 experiments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Factorial design to quantify the influence of extrusion parameters in the mean residence time

Mélo¹,

Pinheiro²,

Canevarolo

2010

Polímeros

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Abstract:Residence time distribution (RTD) is a very important parameter in extrusion, either for simple polymer processing or for special processes like compounding, blending, reactive compatibilization, and controlled degradation. This work deals with the values of mean residence time (t n ) as a function of the number of 45 degrees kneading elements in the screw profile, screw speed, and feeding rate. The t n values were calculated from the RTD curves, which in turn were determined by the technique of a marker added as a pulse in the steady state polymer flow. The values of t n were empirically modeled as a function of those parameters. The results showed that feeding rate is the most influent parameter, followed by number of kneading elements and screw speed. The modeling has given a quadratic function relating t n and the operational parameters tested.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…This results in a distribution of residence times (RTD) around a mean value [6][7][8][9] . The knowledge of the RTD is very important for polymer extrusion because it is related, among other things, to the level of polymer degradation [10][11][12][13] and special processes like reactive extrusion [14][15][16][17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factorial design to quantify the influence of extrusion parameters in the mean residence time

Mélo¹,

Pinheiro²,

Canevarolo

2010

Polímeros

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“…b). This arrangement is fully explained in previous publications . Figure b shows schematically the design of the light‐scattering device developed in our group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This article deals with the use of in‐line optical detectors based on visible‐light stimulus and procedures developed in our research group to monitor the extrusion of multiphase polymeric systems. When studying morphology development of polymer mixtures the flow type plays a critical role in determining whether or not drop breakup is possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-line optical techniques to characterize the polymer extrusion

et al. 2013

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In the past 15 years our research group has been creating new optical devices to characterize in real time the extrusion process. These detectors are made of a slit-die fitted at the extruder exit from where the molten polymer flows, with a pair of transparent windows that allows a light beam to pass orthogonally through the molten flow. Following the reduction of the transmitted light intensity one is able to quantify the turbidity, which is a function of the type, concentration and particle size and shape of the second phase present in the flow. By evaluating the scattering pattern of a laser beam (LALLS) it is possible to get information upon the morphology of the molten polymeric system in real time during the extrusion. With the interposition of a pair of crossed polarizers in the optical beam, rheopolarimetry, it is possible to evaluate quantitatively the flow birefringence, which is a function of the degree of the polymer matrix orientation. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:386-395, 2014. ª

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“…The same device was applied by Canevarolo et al [82] to assess the melting behaviour during polymer extrusion in a corotating twin-screw extruder. Melting of two polyamide tracers was studied by changing the barrel temperature and keeping all other operating conditions constant.…”

Section: Optical Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process monitoring and visualization solutions for hot-melt extrusion: a review

Saerens

Vervaet

Remon

et al. 2013

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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Objectives Hot-melt extrusion (HME) is applied as a continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing process for the production of a variety of dosage forms and formulations. To ensure the continuity of this process, the quality of the extrudates must be assessed continuously during manufacturing. The objective of this review is to provide an overview and evaluation of the available process analytical techniques which can be applied in hot-melt extrusion. Key Findings Pharmaceutical extruders are equipped with traditional (univariate) process monitoring tools, observing barrel and die temperatures, throughput, screw speed, torque, drive amperage, melt pressure and melt temperature. The relevance of several spectroscopic process analytical techniques for monitoring and control of pharmaceutical HME has been explored recently. Nevertheless, many other sensors visualizing HME and measuring diverse critical product and process parameters with potential use in pharmaceutical extrusion are available, and were thoroughly studied in polymer extrusion. The implementation of process analytical tools in HME serves two purposes: (1) improving process understanding by monitoring and visualizing the material behaviour and (2) monitoring and analysing critical product and process parameters for process control, allowing to maintain a desired process state and guaranteeing the quality of the end product. Summary This review is the first to provide an evaluation of the process analytical tools applied for pharmaceutical HME monitoring and control, and discusses techniques that have been used in polymer extrusion having potential for monitoring and control of pharmaceutical HME.

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The Use of In‐line Quantitative Analysis to Follow Polymer Processing

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Factorial design to quantify the influence of extrusion parameters in the mean residence time

Factorial design to quantify the influence of extrusion parameters in the mean residence time

In-line optical techniques to characterize the polymer extrusion

Process monitoring and visualization solutions for hot-melt extrusion: a review

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