The use of hyperspectral imaging technique to detect the most suitable graffiti‐cleaning procedure

Pozo-António, J.S.; Ramil, A.; Fiorucci, M.P.; Díaz, Ana Jesús López; Rivas, T.

doi:10.1002/col.22032

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Occasionally, laser cleaning can cause colour variations on the substrates because of migration of organic compounds from the graffiti into their pores [12], the own interaction of the laser beam with the minerals of carbonate stones causing the yellowing [13], the fading of the K-feldspar in pinkish granite [14] or changes in the oxidation state of ferrous oxide compounds [9]. Even fusion of different granite forming minerals and the appearance of fractures have been reported [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of commercial anti-graffiti treatments in two granites of different texture and mineralogy

Pozo-António

Rivas

Jacobs

et al. 2018

Progress in Organic Coatings

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This paper presents a study of the efficiency of two chemically different anti-graffiti coatings (sacrificial and permanent anti-graffiti products) on two different compositional and textural granitic stones, Rosa Porriño and Albero.First, both uncoated and coated surfaces of the granites were characterized using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, static contact angle measurements, colour spectrophotometry and gloss measurements. Results showed that both anti-graffiti products increased the static contact angle of the surfaces. The permanent anti-graffiti made them waterrepellent without causing notable colour changes.Second, effectiveness of the anti-graffiti products was evaluated by means of the removal of two different spray graffiti paints (blue and silver colours) on both granites protected with the abovementioned anti-graffiti products. The cleaning procedures were those recommended by the manufacturers. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and the previously mentioned techniques were used to assess the cleaning efficiency of the coated surfaces by detecting or not the presence of graffiti remains. As a result, textural differences in the granites, chemical composition of the graffiti paints and removal time were found to be the key parameters controlling the effectiveness of graffiti removal. On Albero granite, more residues of paint were found in its fissure system. Blue graffiti based on alkyd and polyester resins was more readily removed than silver paint. In general terms, graffiti extraction was more effective 30 days after painting than 3 days after.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of commercial anti-graffiti treatments in two granites of different texture and mineralogy

Pozo-António

Rivas

Jacobs

et al. 2018

Progress in Organic Coatings

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“…4,8,9 On the other hand, when graffiti spray paints are associated with acts of vandalism, knowledge of their chemical composition is also essential in deciding for the appropriate and most effective cleaning method. [10][11][12] Similar to modern paint materials, graffiti spray paint formulations are complex mixtures of various major and minor components: pigments/dyes, used to provide color; solvents, allowing the mixture to flow; additives, such as emulsifiers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, plasticizers, etc., used to improve specific properties; and binders, used for holding the mixture together and creating adherence to the surface. 4,13 Such complex mixtures are difficult to characterize due to the high heterogeneity of the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characterization of spray paints and understanding of their chemical composition is essential in providing key information for the documentation and long‐term conservation strategies of both street art graffiti and mixed‐media murals 4,8,9 . On the other hand, when graffiti spray paints are associated with acts of vandalism, knowledge of their chemical composition is also essential in deciding for the appropriate and most effective cleaning method 10‐12 . Similar to modern paint materials, graffiti spray paint formulations are complex mixtures of various major and minor components: pigments/dyes, used to provide color; solvents, allowing the mixture to flow; additives, such as emulsifiers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, plasticizers, etc., used to improve specific properties; and binders, used for holding the mixture together and creating adherence to the surface 4,13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of spray paints used in street art graffiti by a non‐destructive multi‐analytical approach

Cortea

Ratoiu

Rădvan

2020

Color Research & Application

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Often associated with acts of vandalism, graffiti can also be identified with the so-called street art movement. Moreover, in the historical context of visual arts from the 20th and 21st century, graffiti spray paints feature among the materials employed in the work of representative artists such as Lucio Fontana, Richard Hamilton, Yves Klein, or David Alfaro Siqueiros. In this study, a large number of artist spray paints were analyzed by means of X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), spectrophotometry, and Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI). The aim of the study was to provide a chemical characterization of the main organic and inorganic components present within the spray paint formulations by means of a complementary nondestructive approach. Titanium white, zinc white, bismuth vanadate yellow, ultramarine, strontium sulfide, iron, and copper oxides, along a series of pigments of the azo, phthalocyanine, and quinacridone classes could be identified. High amounts of barium sulfate as well as calcium-based extenders were also detected. FTIR analysis provided important information regarding the binder composition, mainly modified alkyd resins being identified. Additional information related to the existing chromophores as well as specific binderpigments interactions could also be highlighted within the HSI data sets. Overall results provide new insights on the complex chemistry of this new range of materials, which could help future investigations carried on street art graffiti, contemporary murals, or mixed-media artworks.

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“…For all these reasons, starting from the 1990s, conservators and conservation scientists have been searching for solutions and methodologies to safely and selectively remove graffiti from buildings and monuments [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], and for anti-graffiti products [11][12][13][14], designed to prevent the adhesion of paint layers to surfaces of artistic interest. Current methodologies for the removal of graffiti can be ideally grouped in three classes: chemical, physical and biological methods [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured fluids for the removal of graffiti – A survey on 17 commercial spray-can paints

Baglioni

Poggi

Benavides

et al. 2018

Journal of Cultural Heritage

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Graffiti removal from monuments, such as statues or architecture, is becoming a priority for conservators and restorers. This operation is further complicated when the vandalism is carried out on surfaces that should be preserved, as in the case of writings or tags on historical wall paintings, or even on modern or contemporary pieces of street art. Several methods exist for graffiti removal, which include chemical, physical or biological approaches. However, traditional methodologies, such as the use of neat organic solvents, are often unsuitable. Moreover, due to the great variability of brands and formulation of commercial paints, a thorough study of materials used for graffiti and a deep knowledge of their behavior when exposed to cleaning media is currently lacking. In this contribution, we report a systematic laboratory survey on 17 different spray-can paints available on the market and commonly used for graffiti and vandalism in the Mexican area. These paints were analyzed by means of ATR FT-IR spectroscopy to characterize their composition. Several solvents, having different nature and polarity, were then used to remove the paints from glass slides. On the basis of these results, two different amphiphile-based nanostructured fluids, which present several advantages with respect to traditional cleaning methodologies, were formulated and tested on the same paint samples. Finally, the two nanostructured cleaning systems were used for the removal of vandalistic graffiti from stones decorated with red pre-Hispanic paintings in the archeological site of Ba' Cuana, Asunciòn Ixtalpetec, Oaxaca, Mexico.

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The use of hyperspectral imaging technique to detect the most suitable graffiti‐cleaning procedure

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Effectiveness of commercial anti-graffiti treatments in two granites of different texture and mineralogy

Effectiveness of commercial anti-graffiti treatments in two granites of different texture and mineralogy

Characterization of spray paints used in street art graffiti by a non‐destructive multi‐analytical approach

Nanostructured fluids for the removal of graffiti – A survey on 17 commercial spray-can paints

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