The use of high density metal foils to increase surface dose in low-energy clinical electron beams

Lambert, G.; Richmond, Neil D.; Kermode, Rachel H.; Porter, David

doi:10.1016/s0167-8140(99)00127-9

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Based on these results, appropriate foil combinations for 90% surface dose were taken as three 0.005 inch (total 0.381 mm) foils for 9 and 12 MeV, and two 0.005 inch foils with one 0.05 mm foil (total 0.304 mm) for 6 MeV. These results are similar to those of Lambert et al 7 for a 10 x 10 cm 2 field and 100 cm SSD of surface dose 88.5% for 0.3 mm tin foil Measurements of central axis depth dose under the tin foils allowed the measurement of the therapeutic range R 90 and therapeutic interval, as well as relative surface dose. Such measurements were performed for 4 x 4, 6 x 6, and 10 x 10 cm 2 field sizes at 100 cm SSD ( Table 1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Lambert et al 7 have suggested that these results are consistent with tin having a higher scatter power than water and a higher ratio of scattering power to stopping power than water. Exceptions to these findings were found for 12 MeV, and for the 9 MeV, 4 x 4 cm 2 field.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…A variety of materials have been used, or suggested for use, as bolus material for therapeutic electron beams, including wax 1,2 , gels 3 , wire mesh 4,5 , lead foil 6,7 and tin foil 7 . Of these, tin foil is appealing in terms of its ease of application and re-usability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lambert et al 7 previously investigated tin foil as electron bolus for the IGE Saturne linear accelerator. In this report, tin foil bolus has been characterised for 6, 9, and 12 MeV electron beams generated by a Varian Clinac 2100C/D linear accelerator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this report, tin foil bolus has been characterised for 6, 9, and 12 MeV electron beams generated by a Varian Clinac 2100C/D linear accelerator. Further to Lambert et al 7 , consideration has been given to field sizes less than 10 x 10 cm 2 (down to 4 x 4 cm 2 ), quantification of dose changes outside the field edge in the presence of the tin foil, investigation of extra bremsstrahlung production in tin foil, and an investigation of dosimetry changes due to air gaps between the tin foil and phantom surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tin foil as bolus material for therapeutic electron beams from the Varian Clinac 2100C/D

Healy

Padmanabhan

Nitschke

2005

Australas. Phys. Eng. Sci. Med.

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Tin foils of sub-millimetre thickness have been investigated as bolus material for therapeutic electron beams from the Varian Clinac 2100C/D linear accelerator. Measurements with ionisation chamber and radiographic film in Plastic Water or water were performed under tin foil bolus to determine surface dose, therapeutic ranges, output factor correction, penumbra and dose outside the field edge. Appropriate thicknesses of tin foil for 90% dose at the surface were found to be approximately 0.3 mm for 6 MeV, and 0.4 mm for 9 MeV and 12 MeV. Enhanced therapeutic interval with tin foil bolus over water-equivalent bolus has previously been reported, but was found not to be evident for 12 MeV and for a small (4 x 4 cm2) 9 MeV field. The penumbra width of fields with tin foil and water-equivalent bolus were found to be within 2 mm, while the doses at 1 cm outside the field edge were within 1.5% of peak dose. Output factor corrections for fields with tin foil were measured as within 2% of unity. Air gaps between the tin foil and phantom surface up to 5 mm were observed to have minimal effect on output correction factor, relative surface dose, and therapeutic range.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Tin foil as bolus material for therapeutic electron beams from the Varian Clinac 2100C/D

Healy

Padmanabhan

Nitschke

2005

Australas. Phys. Eng. Sci. Med.

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Tin foil modified electron radiation of the skin of the nose

Brackenridge¹,

Arancini²

2008

Radiographer

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Radiation therapy to the skin of the nose for non‐melanoma skin cancer is common in Australia yet presents numerous dosimetric and practical challenges. A tin foil modified electron (TME) radiation technique has been used routinely at Perth Radiation Oncology since 2001. The development of this technique over an extended period involving almost 100 cases is reported and key processes at simulation, planning and treatment delivery are described. A summary of major clinical outcomes is presented for 53 patients treated with TME between 2001 and 2005.

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Use of an electron spoiler for radiation treatment of surface skin diseases

et al. 2010

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The feasibility of using a low-energy electron beam with a spoiler for treating surface skin diseases was demonstrated. The method is hygienic and avoids some of the disadvantages associated with the bolus technique, but it is valid only for flat surfaces and perpendicular incidence. As a consequence, it can be an alternative to bolus and other reported methods in certain cases, especially when a particular sterility assurance level is required.

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The use of high density metal foils to increase surface dose in low-energy clinical electron beams

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Tin foil as bolus material for therapeutic electron beams from the Varian Clinac 2100C/D

Tin foil as bolus material for therapeutic electron beams from the Varian Clinac 2100C/D

Tin foil modified electron radiation of the skin of the nose

Use of an electron spoiler for radiation treatment of surface skin diseases

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