The Use of Graphitized Carbon Black as a Trapping Material for Organic Compounds in Light Gases Before a Gas Chromatographic Analysis

Raymond, A. J.; Guiochon, Georges

doi:10.1093/chromsci/13.4.173

Cited by 72 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…27 Their surface is homogeneous with a very low number of polar groups; thus, GCBs are nonselective adsorbents that interact with molecules via nonspecific, nondirectional van der Walls' forces that depend on the polarizability, molecular weight, and geometric structure of the analytes. 28 GCBs demonstrate excellent thermal stability up to Ͼ400°C.…”

Section: Gcb Adsorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone Artifacts and Carbonyl Measurements Using Tenax GR, Tenax TA, Carbopack B, and Carbopack X Adsorbents

Lee

Batterman

Jia

et al. 2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Four popular thermally desorbable adsorbents used for air sampling (Tenax TA, Tenax GR, Carbopack B, and Carbopack X) are examined for the potential to form artifacts with ozone (O 3 ) at environmental concentrations. The performance of these adsorbents for the ketone and aldehyde species identified as O 3 -adsorbent artifacts was also characterized, including recovery, linearity, and method detection limits (MDLs). Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, 13 different artifacts were identified and confirmed for both Tenax TA and Tenax GR, 9 for Carbopack B, but none for Carbopack X. Several O 3 artifacts not reported previously were identified, including: pentanal, 3-hexanone, 2-hexanone, hexanal, 3-heptanone, and heptanal with Tenax TA; pentanal, 3-hexanone, 2-hexanone, hexanal, and 3-heptanone on Tenax GR; and 1-octene and 1-nonene with Carbopack B. Levels of straight-chain aldehyde artifacts rapidly diminished after a few cycles of adsorbent conditioning/O 3 exposure, and concentrations could be predicted using a first-order model. Phenyl-substituted carbonyl artifacts (benzaldehyde and acetophenone) persisted on Tenax TA and GR even after 10 O 3 exposure-conditioning cycles. O 3 breakthrough through the adsorbent bed was most rapid in adsorbents that yielded the highest levels of artifacts. Overall, artifact composition and concentration are shown to depend on O 3 concentration and dose, conditioning method, and adsorbent type and age. Calibrations showed good linearity, and most compounds had reasonable recoveries, for example, 90 Ϯ 15% for Tenax TA, 97 Ϯ 23% for Tenax GR, 101 Ϯ 24% for Carbopack B, and 79 Ϯ 25% (91 Ϯ 9% for n-aldehydes) for Carbopack X. Benzeneacetaldehyde recovery was notably poorer (22-63% across the four adsorbents). MDLs for several compounds were relatively high, up to 5 ng. By accounting for both artifact formation and method performance, this work helps to identify which carbonyl compounds can be measured using thermally desorbable adsorbents and which may be prone to bias because of the formation of O 3 -adsorbent artifacts.

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Section: Gcb Adsorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone Artifacts and Carbonyl Measurements Using Tenax GR, Tenax TA, Carbopack B, and Carbopack X Adsorbents

Lee

Batterman

Jia

et al. 2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Since VR/N"* equals the standard deviation (a) of a desorbing peak, for that peak, near quantitative desorption from asorbent bed will occurwhen V=VR + 2a = VR (1 + 2/N1/*) [38]. Clearly, as N increases, then the analyte can be recovered with a desorption volume that is increasingly close to the actual retention volume on the bed.…”

Section: Retention Volume Vr and Sorbent Cartridge Theoretical Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent removal/thermal desorption (SRTD) for extract concentration and capillary column injection

Hart¹,

Pankow²

1987

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

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SummaryMany solvent extracts must be concentrated prior to analysis. Both Kuderna-Danish (K-D) concentration and inert gas blowdown are commonly used. Significant losses often occur with the latter. Solvent removaVthermal desorption (SRTD) on a precolumn was investigated here as an alternative or supplement to these methods. The compounds studied included polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs).SRTD wascarriedout by injecting 100pLofextractintoa cartridge-type precolumn, selectively volatilizing the solvent with a stream of carrier gas, then thermally desorbing the analytes to a fused silica capillary gas chromatography (GC) column. The mean total recoveries and mean standard errors obtained were 109 and t 12%, respectively. SRTD was found to give sharper peaks than were obtainable with on-column injection. Method detection limits accessible for PCBs by capillary GC with electron impact mass spectrometry with the assistance of SRTD were estimated. Overall, SRTD was found to be an effective, rapid, high recovery concentration method for solvent extracts.

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“…This value is taken at the position on the graph, where the collected naphthalene shows ca 10% loss. The number of theoretical plates, N , for this MC8 trap for naphthalene at a flow rate of 14 cm3 min-' (linear flow rate of 22.2 cm s-'), is calculated to be 7.3 by using equation (1) [21]:…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Trace analysis of semi‐volatile organic air pollutants using thick film silicone rubber traps with capillary gas chromatography

Ortner

Rohwer

1996

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

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SummaryEstablished standard methods for analyzing semi-volatile pollutants by capillary gas chromatography are cumbersome, time-consuming, and expensive. With the longer term aim of replacing the sample preparation procedures with convenient concentrating and thermal desorption steps, thick film silicone rubber traps were constructed in a novel multi-channel configuration. Tests were performed to determine breakthrough volumes and thermal desorption characteristics for total transfer of the trap contents to a capillary column. Initial results are very promising.

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The Use of Graphitized Carbon Black as a Trapping Material for Organic Compounds in Light Gases Before a Gas Chromatographic Analysis

Cited by 72 publications

References 0 publications

Ozone Artifacts and Carbonyl Measurements Using Tenax GR, Tenax TA, Carbopack B, and Carbopack X Adsorbents

Ozone Artifacts and Carbonyl Measurements Using Tenax GR, Tenax TA, Carbopack B, and Carbopack X Adsorbents

Solvent removal/thermal desorption (SRTD) for extract concentration and capillary column injection

Trace analysis of semi‐volatile organic air pollutants using thick film silicone rubber traps with capillary gas chromatography

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