The Use of Graphene Oxide in Orthodontics—A Systematic Review

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Numerous failures in root canal treatment (RCT), attributed to the persistence of adverse microbiota, prompted researchers to develop a biomaterial with effective antibacterial and antifungal properties. In our systematic review, emphasis was placed on examining the antimicrobial properties of gutta-percha, the most used material for root canal obturation. The review aimed to determine whether gutta-percha demonstrated adequate antibacterial and antifungal features. Additionally, it sought to identify specific substances added to gutta-percha’s composition that could enhance the success rate of root canal obturation. On October 30, 2023, electronic searches were systematically performed in the PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus databases using the specified keywords: ((antibacterial) OR (antimicrobial)) AND ((gutta-percha) OR guttapercha)). A thorough evaluation commenced, with an initial pool of 330 studies, from which 174 duplicates were methodically identified and removed. The ultimate dataset for qualitative synthesis consisted of 26 studies. The results of the compared studies did not unequivocally indicate whether the use of gutta-percha alone exhibits antibacterial or antifungal effects. Among the six studies demonstrating results supporting gutta-percha’s antimicrobial activity, five showed activity against Enterococcus faecalis. Conversely, six studies concluded that gutta-percha lacks any discernible antimicrobial features. One study even suggested that gutta-percha might promote the progression of bacterial development. However, eight out of nine studies demonstrated an increase in gutta-percha’s antimicrobial properties after the addition of chlorhexidine. Furthermore, calcium hydroxide and iodoform also improved gutta-percha’s properties, showing promising results. Unfortunately, none of the materials added to gutta-percha displayed comprehensive improvement in its antimicrobial efficacy, including activity against Enterococcus faecalis. The review demonstrated the benefit of enhancing gutta-percha with chlorhexidine, calcium hydroxide, and iodoform. Nevertheless, achieving the inactivation of Enterococcus faecalis posed a challenge.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Activity of Endodontic Gutta-Percha—A Systematic Review

Kowalski,

Rygas,

Homa

et al. 2023

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“…All studies incorporated into the systematic review were required to adhere to the following criteria: they had to investigate discrepancies in cephalometric analysis results between orthodontists and radiologists, as well as between orthodontists and artificial intelligence (AI), encompassing both manual and digital methods of analysis. Additionally, studies needed to be published in English, with no restrictions on the publication date [26,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. The authors of this review established the following exclusion criteria: studies written in languages other than English, comparisons solely between two orthodontists, clinical reports, opinions, editorial papers, review articles, and studies lacking a full-text version [26,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Eligibility Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, studies needed to be published in English, with no restrictions on the publication date [26,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. The authors of this review established the following exclusion criteria: studies written in languages other than English, comparisons solely between two orthodontists, clinical reports, opinions, editorial papers, review articles, and studies lacking a full-text version [26,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Eligibility Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrepancies in Cephalometric Analysis Results between Orthodontists and Radiologists and Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review

Smołka,

Nelke,

Struzik

et al. 2024

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Cephalometry is a crucial examination in orthodontic diagnostics and during the planning of orthognathic surgical procedures. The objective of this article was to compare cephalometric measurements conducted by different specialists and systems tailored for such measurements, as well as to evaluate the capabilities of artificial intelligence in this field. In January 2024, we conducted electronic searches in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) databases. In the Scopus database, the results were refined to titles, abstracts, and keywords, while in PubMed, they were narrowed down to titles and abstracts. In WoS, the results were refined only to abstracts. The search criteria were based on the following terms: (cephalometric) AND (analysis) AND (discrepancy) AND ((orthodontic) OR (radiologist)). A total of 263 articles were identified, of which 17 met the criteria and were incorporated into the review. The review allowed us to conclude that the accuracy of cephalometric measurements relied on the expertise of the operator—specialists with more experience exhibited greater precision compared to novices or individuals not specialized in orthodontics. Cephalometric measurement computer programs yielded outcomes that streamlined work processes, minimized human errors, and enhanced precision. A novel aspect involved the application of artificial intelligence, which also demonstrated high precision and a substantial reduction in working time, although its utilization still necessitates further enhancements. Further research was required to address these limitations and to optimize the incorporation of technology in orthodontic and orthognathic surgery practices.

Fluoride Release by Restorative Materials after the Application of Surface Coating Agents: A Systematic Review

Tokarczuk,

Kiryk

et al. 2024

Background: Fluoride is vital in dentistry for caries prevention, enhancing remineralization, and inhibiting bacteria. Incorporating fluoride into restorative materials like glass-ionomer cements, compomers, and giomers has significantly increased fluoride availability in the oral cavity. This review assesses how surface coatings influence fluoride release from various dental restorative materials. Methods: In December 2023, we conducted electronic searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) databases. In the Scopus database, the results were refined to titles, abstracts, and keywords, while in PubMed, they were narrowed down to titles and abstracts. In WoS, the results were refined only to abstracts. The search criteria were based on the terms fluoride AND release AND (coating OR glaze OR layer OR film OR varnish) AND (composite OR glass OR compomer), following PRISMA guidelines and the PICO framework. Twenty-three studies were rigorously selected and analyzed for fluoride release from coated versus uncoated materials. Results: Surface coatings typically reduce the rate of fluoride release. Glass-ionomer cements had the highest release, followed by giomers and compomers. The initial release was greater in uncoated materials but stabilized over time, influenced by variables like artificial saliva and deionized water. Conclusions: Surface coatings generally decrease fluoride release rates from dental materials. Although initial rates are high, contributing to caries prevention, more standardized research is needed to better understand the impact of coatings and optimize materials for maximum preventive benefits.