The use of glasses during registration into a low- cost eye tracking device under different lighting conditions

Paulus, Yesaya Tommy; Remijn, Gerard B.; Syn, Yvonne Kam Hwei; Hiramatsu, Chihiro

doi:10.1109/icacomit.2017.8253387

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In support of H1b, we found evidence for a negative effect of glasses on hit ratio and accuracy. Our findings are in line with previous research by Paulus et al (2017). In contrast to Nyström et al (2013), we did not find any effect on precision.…”

Section: Glassessupporting

confidence: 93%

“…While asking participants to wear contact lenses instead of glasses seems like an effective intervention for improving the eye-tracking data, attempting to control head movements with a provisional chin rest could have detrimental effects on data quality. Future research should explore other participant related factors, such as webcam resolution and light (Feit et al, 2017;Paulus et al, 2017) and post-hoc data analysis methods for improving the quality. Moreover, we found partial evidence for the feasibility of measuring eye-movements during choice behavior in the online context by replicating a decision-making paradigm that was previously conducted in a lab environment (Amasino et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sample 264 participants were recruited via the online participant recruitment platform Prolific (www.prolific.co). An a-priori power simulation with the R package simr (Green et al, 2016) with a mixed-effects model and estimated effect sizes based on literature (Nyström et al, 2013;Paulus et al, 2017;Stuart et al, 2016) showed that it requires a sample of N > 225 to find a significant fixed effect of 2% of screen size of an influence factor on data quality with a power of at least .82 (α = .05, 95% CI = .81 to .83). This sample would contain more than twice as many participants as in previous studies on intertemporal choice paradigms (Amasino et al, 2019;Reeck et al, 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, in-lab eye-tracker show a lower accuracy (Paulus et al, 2017) (but see Nyström et al, 2013) and precision (Nyström et al, 2013) for participants with glasses. This could be due to two reasons: First, reflections from the glasses can distort the eye-images obtained from the webcam.…”

Section: Glassesmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Exploring the Potential of Online Webcam-based Eye Tracking in Decision-Making Research and Influence Factors on Data Quality

Schneegans¹,

Bachman

Huettel³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Recent developments of open-source online eye-tracking algorithms suggests that they may be ready for use in online studies, thereby overcoming the limitations of in-lab eye-tracking studies. However, to date there have been limited tests of the efficacy of online eye-tracking for decision-making and cognitive psychology. In this online study, we explore the potential and the limitations of online eye-tracking tools for decision-making research using the webcam-based open-source library Webgazer (Papoutsaki et al., 2016). Our study had two aims. For our first aim we assessed different variables that might affect the quality of eye-tracking data. In our experiment (N = 210) we measured a within-subjects variable of adding a provisional chin rest and a between-subjects variable of corrected vs uncorrected vision. Contrary to our hypotheses, we found that the chin rest had a negative effect on data quality. In accordance with out hypotheses, we found lower quality data in participants who wore glasses. Other influence factors are discussed, such as the frame rate. For our second aim (N = 44) we attempted to replicate a decision-making paradigm where eye-tracking data was acquired using offline means (Amasino et al., 2019). We found some relations between choice behavior and eye-tracking measures, such as the last fixation and the distribution of gaze points at the moment right before the choice. However, several effects could not be reproduced, such as the overall distribution of gaze points or dynamic search strategies. Therefore, our hypotheses only find partial evidence. This study gives practical insights for the feasibility of online eye-tacking for decision making research as well as researchers from other disciplines.

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Section: Glassessupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Glassesmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Exploring the Potential of Online Webcam-based Eye Tracking in Decision-Making Research and Influence Factors on Data Quality

Schneegans¹,

Bachman

Huettel³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The angles of the monitor and the eye-tracker were set at two viewing angles of 105° (90°+15°) and 120° (90°+30°). These angles were ideal for participants with a height in between 151-190 cm to register their eye gaze on the eye-tracking system [16]. In order to perform password authentication, the participant was standing in the middle in front of the monitor at a viewing distance of approximately 49 cm, as indicated by a floor mark.…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Kind of Grid Formations and Password Formats are Useful for Password Authentication with Eye-Gaze-Based Input?

Paulus¹,

Remijn²

2019

J Ergonomics

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This study investigates which grid formations and password formats are useful for password authentication by means of eye-gazebased input. Sixteen grid formations were made, in between 3×3 to 6×6 cells (columns-by-rows), for three password formats. The formats were an alphanumeric format, a pattern format, and a picture format. The participants were asked to memorize a 4-object or a 6-object password and register (Task 1), confirm (Task 2), and log in (Task 4) the password on each of the 16 grids with eye-gaze-based input. In Task 3, the participants evaluated each grid with a rating scale. The results showed that task-completion time was mostly shorter for the alphanumeric password format than for the pattern or picture format. Task-completion time of 4-object or 6-object passwords generally increased as the grid density increased, while the task-success rate at the first attempt decreased when the grid density increased. Task-completion time often was longer for grids with more rows than columns (vertical formations, e.g., 3×4 cells) than for grids with more columns than rows (horizontal formations, e.g., 4×3 cells). These results suggest that password authentication with eye-gaze-based input is best performed on horizontal grids with relatively few cells and a traditional (alphanumeric) format.

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Eye-Tracking and Pictograms: Improving Communication and Accessibility for Senior Adults

Arias-Flores,

Valencia-Aragón,

Sanchez-Gordon

2024

Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies

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The use of glasses during registration into a low- cost eye tracking device under different lighting conditions

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Exploring the Potential of Online Webcam-based Eye Tracking in Decision-Making Research and Influence Factors on Data Quality

Exploring the Potential of Online Webcam-based Eye Tracking in Decision-Making Research and Influence Factors on Data Quality

What Kind of Grid Formations and Password Formats are Useful for Password Authentication with Eye-Gaze-Based Input?

Eye-Tracking and Pictograms: Improving Communication and Accessibility for Senior Adults

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