The Use of Genetic Clines to Estimate Dispersal Distances of Marine Larvae

Sotka, Erik E.; Palumbi, Stephen R.

doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1094:tuogct]2.0.co;2

Cited by 71 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…In a related study using several populations of S. purpuratus, Pespeni et al (2013) observed rapid selection of genes encoding proteins involved in calcification under acidification, demonstrating a potential for rapid evolution to occur in this species. Generally, in slowgrowing organisms with long-generation times such as coldwater corals, persistence in a changing ocean will likely hinge on the maintenance of genetic diversity and the success of resilient genotypes, the potential for individual acclimatization, or local adaptation among populations in the presence of both selection and gene flow (Palumbi and Sotka, 2006). While it is unknown if the observed resilience within certain genotypes to climate change stressors in the present study of L. pertusa is heritable, the general consistency in the response of different nubbins of the same genotype within and among different experiments provides evidence for the adaptive capacity of this species.…”

Section: Population and Genotypic Variability In Response To Ocean Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-Specific Variation Reveals Potential for Adaptation to Ocean Acidification in a Cold-Water Coral from the Gulf of Mexico

et al. 2017

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Ocean acidification, the decrease in seawater pH due to the absorption of atmospheric CO 2 , profoundly threatens the survival of a large number of marine species. Cold-water corals are considered to be among the most vulnerable organisms to ocean acidification because they are already exposed to relatively low pH and corresponding low calcium carbonate saturation states ( ). Lophelia pertusa is a globally distributed cold-water scleractinian coral that provides critical three-dimensional habitat for many ecologically and economically significant species. In this study, four different genotypes of L. pertusa were exposed to three pH treatments (pH = 7.60, 7.75, and 7.90) over a short (2-week) experimental period, and six genotypes were exposed to two pH treatments (pH = 7.60 and 7.90) over a long (6-month) experimental period. Their physiological response was measured as net calcification rate and the activity of carbonic anhydrase, a key enzyme in the calcification pathway. In the short-term experiment, net calcification rates did not significantly change with pH, although they were highly variable in the low pH treatment, including some genotypes that maintained positive net calcification in undersaturated conditions. In the 6-month experiment, average net calcification was significantly reduced at low pH, with corals exhibiting net dissolution of skeleton. However, one of the same genotypes that maintained positive net calcification (+0.04% day −1 ) under the low pH treatment in the short-term experiment also maintained positive net calcification longer than the other genotypes in the long-term experiment, although none of the corals maintained positive calcification for the entire 6 months. Average carbonic anhydrase activity was not affected by pH, although some genotypes exhibited small, insignificant, increases in activity after the sixth month. Our results suggest that while net calcification in L. pertusa is adversely affected by ocean acidification in the long term, it is possible that some genotypes may prove to be more resilient than others, particularly to short perturbations of the carbonate system. These results provide evidence that populations of L. pertusa in the Gulf of Mexico may contain the genetic variability necessary to support an adaptive response to future ocean acidification.

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Section: Population and Genotypic Variability In Response To Ocean Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-Specific Variation Reveals Potential for Adaptation to Ocean Acidification in a Cold-Water Coral from the Gulf of Mexico

et al. 2017

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“…First, most marine bivalve populations are characterised by heterozygote deficiencies at many loci (Wei et al, 2013a). Not only is this 'universal' phenomenon a potential problem in its own right in terms of violating assumptions of many analyses, it may also contribute to difficulties in the detection of linkage disequilibrium (Sotka and Palumbi, 2006). Second, there are no fixed allelic differences that define the two lineages (Wei et al, 2013a).…”

Section: Rationale For Analytical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hybrid zones are barriers to gene flow between parental types and as such can be sigmoidal in shape, describing the transition from one genetic group to the other through a transition zone (Harrison, 1990;Arnold, 1997;Sotka and Palumbi, 2006). One of the key features of hybrid zones is the rate of change of gene frequency across the zone, and the associated strength of the barrier to gene flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetic architecture of hybridisation between two lineages of greenshell mussels

Gardner

Wei

2014

Heredity

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A multidisciplinary approach has identified sigmoidal genetic clines on the east and west coasts in central New Zealand where low-density ecological interactions occur between northern and southern lineages of the endemic greenshell mussel, Perna canaliculus. The sigmoidal clines indicate the existence of a mussel hybrid zone in a region of genetic discontinuities for many continuously distributed coastal taxa, in particular marine invertebrates. Examination of the genetic architecture of the hybrid zone revealed the differential contribution of individual microsatellite loci and/or alleles to defining the zone of interaction and no evidence of increased allelic richness or heterozygosity inside versus outside the hybrid zone. Genomics cline analysis identified one locus in particular (Pcan1-27) as being different from neutral expectations, thereby contributing to lineage differentiation. Estimates of contemporary gene flow revealed very high levels of within-lineage self-recruitment and a hybrid zone composed mostly (~85%) of northern immigrants. Broad scale interpretation of these results is consistent with a zone of genetic interaction that was generated between 0.3 and 1.3 million years before present at a time of pronounced global sealevel change. At that time, the continuous distribution of the greenshell mussel was split into northern and southern groups, which differentiated to become distinct lineages, and which have subsequently been reunited (secondary contact) resulting in the generation of the hybrid zone at~42°S.

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“…These factors need to be taken into account when trying to explain marine clines or estimate population parameters from cline shape. Dispersal-dependent cline theory (also known as tension zone theory; Barton and Hewitt 1985) has recently been promoted as an underused approach for estimating gene flow in marine species with clinal variation (Sotka and Palumbi 2006). Sotka and Palumbi argued that measures of linkage disequilibrium between genetic polymorphisms at indepen-dent loci, when coupled with an estimate of cline width, can be used to generate useful estimates of average gene flow.…”

Section: Implications and Prospects For Further Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because larval dispersal will result from a complex interaction between larval behavior and hydrography, the potential for advective forces to accentuate coastal marine clines (Gardner 1997;Sotka and Palumbi 2006) may not be obvious based on the strongest or average oceanographic flow fields along the continental shelf. For example, in an eastern Pacific barnacle (Balanus glandula) allele frequencies shift strikingly over 475 km of coastline despite a capacity for dispersal at an equivalent scale during a 2ϩ week larval stage (Sotka et al 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nonrandom Larval Dispersal Can Steepen Marine Clines

2005

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Abstract. Sharp and stable clinal variation is enigmatic when found in species with high gene flow. Classical population genetic models treat gene flow as a random homogenizing force countering local adaptation across habitat discontinuities. Under this view, dispersal over large spatial scales will lower the effectiveness of adaptation by natural selection at finer spatial scales. Thus, random gene flow will create a shallow phenotypic cline across an ecotone in response to a steep selection gradient. In sedentary marine species that disperse primarily as larvae, nonrandom dispersal patterns are expected due to coastal hydrodynamics. Surprisingly sharp phenotypic and genotypic clines have been documented in marine species with high gene flow. We are interested in the extent to which nonrandom dispersal could accentuate such clines. We model a linear species range in which populations have stable and uniform densities along a selection gradient; in contrast to random dispersal, convergent advection of larvae can amplify phenotypic differentiation if coupled with a semipermeable dispersal barrier in the convergence zone. The migration load caused by directional dispersal pushes the phenotypic mean away from the local trait optimum in downstream populations, that is, near the convergence zone. A dispersal barrier is possible as a result of colliding currents if the water and larvae are mostly displaced offshore, away from suitable settlement habitat. Disjunctions in a quantitative trait were enlarged in the convergence zone by faster current flows or a more complete dispersal barrier. With advection of larvae per generation one-third as far as the average dispersal distance by diffusion, convergence on a dispersal barrier with 40% permeability generated a trait disjunction across the convergence zone of two phenotypic standard deviations. Without directional dispersal, similar clines also developed across a habitat gap, where population density was low, or across dispersal barriers with less than 1% permeability. These findings suggest that the types of hydrographic phenomena often associated with marine transition zones can strongly affect the balance between gene flow and selection and generate surprisingly steep clines given the large-scale gene flow expected from larvae.

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The Use of Genetic Clines to Estimate Dispersal Distances of Marine Larvae

Cited by 71 publications

References 73 publications

Intra-Specific Variation Reveals Potential for Adaptation to Ocean Acidification in a Cold-Water Coral from the Gulf of Mexico

Intra-Specific Variation Reveals Potential for Adaptation to Ocean Acidification in a Cold-Water Coral from the Gulf of Mexico

The genetic architecture of hybridisation between two lineages of greenshell mussels

Nonrandom Larval Dispersal Can Steepen Marine Clines

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