THE USE OF GARLIC (Allium sativum) MEAL AS A NATURAL FEED SUPPLEMENT IN DIETS FOR EUROPEAN SEABASS (Dicentrarchus labrax) JUVENILES

Abstract

Abstract:The incorporation of garlic meal (GM) in diets for European seabass juveniles were evaluated with a diet containing 43% protein and 17% lipid (gross energy 19kJ/g diet). Experimental diets with GM incorporation of 0, 2, 4, and 6% were fed to fish (10.60 ±0.16 g) until satiation for 60-days. Significant differences (p<0.05) were recorded for growth performance, with the highest rate in the 4% GM group, followed by the control group. Improved feed conversion (FCR) and protein efficiency rates (PER) were observed in the GM4 group compared to the other treatments. Nitrogen retention as a percent of intake was highest in the in GM4 group. Significantly higher values (p<0.05) were found for body protein and lipid, and lower values (p<0.05) for the hepatosomatic, viscerasomatic or mesenteric fat indexes in the GM4 group compared to the other treatments. Fish fed garlic supplemented diets showed lower saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), but higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compared to the control group with no garlic treatment. Results indicate that dietary GM inclusion of 4% can improve fish growth and nutrient utilization with an increase of fish muscle quality by elevated PUFA concentrations, and a reduction of total nitrogen excretion.

Effects of Garlic Allium sativum Powder on Nutrient Digestibility, Haematology, and Immune and Stress Responses in Eurasian Perch Perca fluviatilis Juveniles

“…This finding agrees with Sahu et al [ 14 ], who reported that garlic powder in the diet of rohu at 1, 5, and 10 g kg −1 feed did not significantly improve SGR or FCR. Another report documented that the use of garlic powder at the level of 40 g kg −1 in European sea bass did not have a significant effect on final weight, while 60 g kg −1 significantly decreased final weight, specific growth rate, and feed intake [ 39 ]. In contrast, garlic powder improved growth performance in Japanese sea bass at 25 g kg −1 [ 10 ], in brown trout at 20 and 30 g kg −1 [ 12 ], and in European sea bass at 10 g kg −1 [ 40 ].…”

“…Enhanced growth performance can be attributed to garlic bioactive compounds, including alliin, allicin, and organosulfur compounds, especially thiosulfinates [ 8 ], which increase digestion, nutrient uptake, and growth [ 16 ]. Differences among the results can be related to differences in the experimental design, fish species [ 10 , 12 , 40 ], fish size [ 39 , 40 ], garlic supplement type (powder or extract), and its purity [ 41 , 42 ] and garlic supplement level in the diet [ 18 , 39 ].…”

“…In contrast, garlic powder at levels of 10, 20, and 30 g kg −1 significantly decreased the condition factor in Indian major carp, which is in line with our results [ 48 ]. In our study, the decrease in the condition factor can be attributed to the pungent odour of garlic in G30, which may have reduced feed palatability [ 49 ] and feed intake [ 39 ]. Moreover, previous reports proved that use of garlic powder in levels of 25 g kg −1 in the diet of Japanese seabass [ 10 ] and 60 g kg −1 [ 39 ] and 20 g kg −1 of garlic powder in European sea bass feed [ 40 ] decreased feed intake.…”

“…In our study, the decrease in the condition factor can be attributed to the pungent odour of garlic in G30, which may have reduced feed palatability [ 49 ] and feed intake [ 39 ]. Moreover, previous reports proved that use of garlic powder in levels of 25 g kg −1 in the diet of Japanese seabass [ 10 ] and 60 g kg −1 [ 39 ] and 20 g kg −1 of garlic powder in European sea bass feed [ 40 ] decreased feed intake. In the present study, feed intake decreased in the G30 groups and subsequently decreased the condition factor [ 48 ] for Eurasian perch.…”