The use of galvanic vestibular nystagmus in clinical otology

Kayan, A; Trinder, E.; Harrison, M. Spencer

doi:10.1017/s0022215100079007

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In 1974, Kayan et al [4] also used an additional pair of electrodes placed on the forehead to eliminate galvanic pseudonystagmus. However, the recorded nystagmus was not very marked because much eye movement was also rejected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified Method of Electronystagmography for Recording Eye Movement during the Galvanic Vestibular Test

Straub¹,

Thoden

1992

ORL

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This study demonstrates a new technique for recording galvanic nystagmus using conventional electrooculography: a first pair of electrodes is placed at the nasal and lateral orbital margin of the left eye. An additional pair of electrodes is placed near the left angle of the mouth. This latter pair of electrodes picks up voltage variations induced by heart beat but only a minimal part of voltage variations caused by eye movements during bipolar, binaural electric stimulation. Electronic subtraction of the voltage variations near the angle of the mouth from the voltage variations at the equilateral eye cancels the cardiac interference and allows a pure recording of horizontal eye movements. 35 of 40 subjects could be examined successfully.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified Method of Electronystagmography for Recording Eye Movement during the Galvanic Vestibular Test

Straub¹,

Thoden

1992

ORL

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“…A galvanic response is thought to require an intact vestibular nerve. Thus, galvanic reactions can persist even with destruction of the labyrinth, but they may be either abnormal or lacking if the peripheral neuron is damaged (Spiegel and Sommer 1944;Kestenbaum 1961;Henriksson et al 1972;Coats 1973a;Kayan, Trinder, and Harrison 1974;Honjo et al 1978). Moreover, the different patterns of galvanic nystagmus caused by stimulation at threshold, as opposed to above-threshold, levels correspond with different sites of CNS lesions (Pfaltz and Koike 1968).…”

Section: Methods Of Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibular Dysfunction and Psychopathology

Levy¹,

Holzman²,

Proctor³

1983

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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A review of the empirical findings linking vestibular response abnormalities to psychopathology, and particularly to schizophrenia, indicates that these data do not unequivocally document the presence of peripheral or central disease of the vestibular system in any patient group. The reasons for this ambiguity include: use of imprecise stimulation techniques, inaccurate measures of responsiveness, unreliable measures of quantification, and the absence of experimental control over extravestibular variables. Future directions for research in this area are discussed, including the localizing information derived from properly conducted tests of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in studies of oculomotor function.

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Between-subject variability and within-subject reliability of the human eye-movement response to bilateral galvanic (DC) vestibular stimulation

et al. 2002

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Recent studies have shown that responses to surface galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) show substantial interindividual variation. Between-subject variability may be due to individual differences between subjects, or to the poor reliability of the test, or to differences in test details, or to host factors. The aim of the present study was to compare variability between and within subjects in binocular 3-D eye-movement responses to long-duration, maintained, large-amplitude, bilateral, bipolar, surface GVS. Subjects were seated and restrained, and in one condition fixated a small, centrally located visual target; in the other condition, testing was carried out in complete darkness. Surface GVS of 5 mA, with a rectangular waveform was delivered bilaterally for 5 min while eye movements were measured using computerised video-oculography (VTM). In the first experiment, ten subjects participated in both conditions in one session, and in the second experiment, two subjects participated in both conditions for a total of five repeated sessions. The stimulation was well tolerated by all subjects and produced a change in torsional position with the upper pole of both eyes rolling towards the anode and away from the cathode in all subjects in both conditions. Although little vertical nystagmus was evident in either condition, most subjects showed relatively strong horizontal nystagmus (slow phases towards the anode) in darkness. This study confirms previous observations that the torsional response to GVS is highly variable between subjects, whilst also showing for the first time that eye-movement responses to GVS show good within-subject repeatability. This study also demonstrates considerable between-subject variability in the relative ratios of response components (torsional and horizontal nystagmus, torsional position), whereas the relatively small within-subject variability can be characterised more by changes in the overall amplitude of the eye-movement response. Subjects show idiosyncratic oculomotor response patterns to GVS, varying slightly in absolute magnitude between sessions. Thus, GVS may be a more reliable stimulus than may have been anticipated from the literature.

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The use of galvanic vestibular nystagmus in clinical otology

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

A Modified Method of Electronystagmography for Recording Eye Movement during the Galvanic Vestibular Test

A Modified Method of Electronystagmography for Recording Eye Movement during the Galvanic Vestibular Test

Vestibular Dysfunction and Psychopathology

Between-subject variability and within-subject reliability of the human eye-movement response to bilateral galvanic (DC) vestibular stimulation

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