The use of fluoride in infants and children

Godel, John C.

doi:10.1093/pch/7.8.569

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…In other countries, there is agreement between the societies of pediatricians and dentists that tooth-brushing with fluoride toothpaste has to begin with the eruption of the first tooth [ 12 , 13 , 20 , 21 ]. A survey among pediatricians in Connecticut showed that most of them recommended this starting point [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pediatricians and dentists are in agreement that young children swallow the majority of toothpaste until they can spit out and that it is necessary to limit the consumption of toothpaste with dose recommendations [ 1 - 5 , 13 , 20 - 22 ]. Additionally, parents should assist and supervise tooth-brushing [ 3 - 5 , 21 , 22 ]. The AAPD recommends that children less than 2 years of age should use a smear layer of fluoride toothpaste (≥1000 ppm) twice a day, and children up to 5 years of age should use a pea-sized amount [ 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children younger than 3 years are considered to be at risk for DF of permanent incisors and first molars [ 1 , 2 , 5 , 21 , 22 , 24 ]. In Germany, the prevalence of DF (mild form) in 7-year-old children is approximately 10.1% [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Germany, the prevalence of DF (mild form) in 7-year-old children is approximately 10.1% [ 24 ]. The increase in the number of sources of fluoride exposure, such as water, beverages, food, salt, fluoride supplements and dental products, could lead to an overdose in this sensitive phase of tooth development [ 1 , 2 , 5 , 21 , 22 , 24 ]. Reviews had found that prolonged use of fluoride supplements during tooth development increases the risk of developing DF [ 22 , 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pediatricians’ oral health recommendations for 0- to 3-year-old children: results of a survey in Thuringia, Germany

Wagner

Heinrich‐Weltzien

2014

BMC Oral Health

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BackgroundGerman societies of pediatricians and dentists disagree about oral health-related preventive recommendations (use of fluoride supplements, fluoride-containing toothpaste) for children aged 0–3 years. After failure to reach a consensus, there is no study that has evaluated the guidelines that pediatricians use in daily practice.MethodsA standardized questionnaire was sent to all 167 practicing pediatricians in the state of Thuringia, Germany, to assess the current oral health-related preventive recommendations. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe response rate was 52.0%. More than 9.0% of the pediatricians advise parents with regard to diet, use of baby bottles, oral hygiene and dental visits. The majority of pediatricians recommend to start tooth-brushing after the 1st birthday and recommend the use of toothpaste and a 1st dental visit after the 2nd birthday (78.0%). Additionally, 23.3% (n = 20) of pediatricians prescribe solely vitamin D, and 20.9% (n = 18) prescribe vitamin D combined with fluoride. Fluoride supplements are given as required by 37.2% (n = 32) of pediatricians, primarily between the 1st and 6th birthdays. The guidelines of the Pediatric Society were used by 1.2% of the pediatricians, the guidelines of the dentists were used by 5.8%, and a mix of both was used by 93.0%. The simultaneous use of fluoride supplements and fluoride toothpaste in the first three years was recommended by 45.9% of the pediatricians.ConclusionsPediatricians’ oral health recommendations are based on a mix of the guidelines from the German societies of pediatricians and dentists and led to no use or possible overdose of fluoride. Against the background of early childhood caries and dental fluorosis, there is a need for uniform guidelines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pediatricians’ oral health recommendations for 0- to 3-year-old children: results of a survey in Thuringia, Germany

Wagner

Heinrich‐Weltzien

2014

BMC Oral Health

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“…The CDC concluded that fluoride supplementation during pregnancy did not benefit the child's dental health [11,161]. Accordingly, the Canadian Pediatric Society advises against fluoride supplements during this period [162]. The EFSA Panel did not estimate the Adequate Intakes for fluoride for the first six months of life [11].…”

Section: Fluoride In Fetal and Infant Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Fluoride Toxicity: From Enzymes to Underlying Integrative Networks

Strunecká

Strunecký

2020

Applied Sciences

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Fluoride has been employed in laboratory investigations since the early 20th century. These studies opened the understanding of fluoride interventions to fundamental biological processes. Millions of people living in endemic fluorosis areas suffer from various pathological disturbances. The practice of community water fluoridation used prophylactically against dental caries increased concern of adverse fluoride effects. We assessed the publications on fluoride toxicity until June 2020. We present evidence that fluoride is an enzymatic poison, inducing oxidative stress, hormonal disruptions, and neurotoxicity. Fluoride in synergy with aluminum acts as a false signal in G protein cascades of hormonal and neuronal regulations in much lower concentrations than fluoride acting alone. Our review shows the impact of fluoride on human health. We suggest focusing the research on fluoride toxicity to the underlying integrative networks. Ignorance of the pluripotent toxic effects of fluoride might contribute to unexpected epidemics in the future.

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Fluoride and Biological Calcification I: Effect of Fluoride on Collagen-Induced In Vitro Mineralization and Demineralization Reactions

Kakkar¹,

Kapoor

Singla

et al. 2020

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The use of fluoride in infants and children

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Pediatricians’ oral health recommendations for 0- to 3-year-old children: results of a survey in Thuringia, Germany

Pediatricians’ oral health recommendations for 0- to 3-year-old children: results of a survey in Thuringia, Germany

Mechanisms of Fluoride Toxicity: From Enzymes to Underlying Integrative Networks

Fluoride and Biological Calcification I: Effect of Fluoride on Collagen-Induced In Vitro Mineralization and Demineralization Reactions

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