The use of exploratory experimental designs combined with thermal numerical modelling to obtain a predictive tool for hybrid laser/MIG welding and coating processes

Energy metrics for product assembly equipment and processes

“…(9) and properties listed in Table 3. The computational error (d) is well within the allowed limits in the estimation of E TR AP as reported in Bidi et al (2011). The estimation of d is beyond the scope of the present work and is assumed to be negligent.…”

“…3. Some of the equipment used in this process and its efficiencies (Bidi et al, 2011) are listed in Table 1. In Hybrid Laser GMAW, the energy required for the arc is supplied by both the laser and the electric arc.…”

“…(15) and (16) and is modified from Bidi et al (2011). This distribution has two quadrants namely front and rear quadrants, and they have different distributions and are graphed as shown in Fig.…”

“…5. Table 1 Equipment and process efficiencies assumed for Hybrid laser GMAW welding process (Bidi et al, 2011).…”

Application of Thermography in Materials Science and Engineering

“…LASER-ARC hybrid welding process is not a new process (Steen & Eboo, 1979), and it is characterized, in the last decade, by an accelerated and continuous development towards industrial implementation (Staufer, 2005) and extending its applicability (Asai et al, 2009) with research focused on understanding and modelling the complex phenomena that characterizes the hybrid welding process (Cho et al, 2011;Zhu et al, 2004) and developing prediction models and tools to control it (Bidi et al, 2011).…”